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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003601
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract This article examines constructive corrosion that occurs in power-generating devices, specifically batteries. It discusses the kinetic aspects of constructive corrosion in batteries and provides examples to illustrate how the kinetics of a corrosion process varies among different...
Abstract
This article examines constructive corrosion that occurs in power-generating devices, specifically batteries. It discusses the kinetic aspects of constructive corrosion in batteries and provides examples to illustrate how the kinetics of a corrosion process varies among different battery systems. The article illustrates the constructive roles played by corrosion at anodes in batteries through the use of a zinc anode in a mercury battery and a lithium metal anode in a rechargeable lithium battery. It also outlines the destructive role played by corrosion by illustrating shelf reactions in zinc-carbon batteries and lead grid corrosion in lead-acid batteries.
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 1 Sites of corrosion in LiSO 2 batteries. SCC, stress-corrosion cracking
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 7 Cycle life plots of Li-Li x MnO 2 batteries discharged at 1.25 mA/cm 2 and different charging rates. Source: Ref 5
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 54 Microscope designed for use away from the laboratory. Batteries for the light source are contained in the cylindrical stand of the instrument. Courtesy of Unitron Instruments, Inc.
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Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 17 Lithium battery electrode analysis using XPS illustrates differences between conditions (a) with and (b) without air exposure ( Ref 17 ) (a) Binding energy (eV) Bond Area percentage 52.88 Li 0 54.06 Li2O 3 55.26 Li2CO3 97 (b) Binding energy
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Published: 01 January 2001
Fig. 4 Example of a compression molded part (a vehicle battery tray) incorporating special molded-in features
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Published: 01 January 2001
Fig. 41 Battery cover for commercial vehicles. Made from compression-molded SMC
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 4 Discharge curves for a typical Zn-HgO battery under various loads. Source: Ref 4
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 5 Effect of temperature on the capacity of a Zn-HgO battery. The loss of capacity at lower temperatures due to ZnO formation is demonstrated, as is the sensitivity to anode morphology. Source: Ref 4
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 1 Corroded Pb-3Sb battery grid. To preserve oxides and sulfate layers, the grid was embedded in resin prior to polishing. Classical etching would reveal the metal structure but destroy corrosion. A very long final mechanical polish, with 0.05 μm alumina and chemical etching for just 1 s
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 6 Pb-0.08Ca, as-cast. Section through a cross-member wire of a battery grid (parting line horizontal) showing fine grain structure. See Fig. 7(a) and (b) for details of the structure in a similar lead alloy. 15 g citric acid + 9 g ammonium molybdate in 80 mL H 2 O. Original
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 17 Pb-5Sb, as-cast. Section through wire of battery grid showing larger grains than in Fig. 6 . 15 g citric acid + 9 g ammonium molybdate in 80 mL H 2 O 2 . Original magnification 50×
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 18 Pb-5Sb, as-cast. Section through the connection tab of a battery grid showing dendritic grains. 15 g citric acid + 9 g ammonium molybdate in 80 mL H 2 O 2 . Original magnification 100×
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 4 Use of a battery-operated handheld drill to grind and polish a region on a cast steel table roll for a hot strip mill
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 8 Portable battery-operated microscope with digital camera attached
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Published: 15 June 2020
Fig. 7 (a) Schematic of the fabrication of battery electrodes; mg, force of gravity on the drops (b) formation of the microlattice in 3D (c) scanning electron microscopy images of 3D-printed Li-ion electrode lattices and focused ion beam (FIB) image of porosity. Source: Ref 24 .
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004135
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract Batteries and fuel cells are popular forms of portable electrical energy sources. This article discusses the operation and corrosion problems inherent in batteries and fuel cells. Batteries are classified into two groups: primary or nonrechargeable batteries and secondary...
Abstract
Batteries and fuel cells are popular forms of portable electrical energy sources. This article discusses the operation and corrosion problems inherent in batteries and fuel cells. Batteries are classified into two groups: primary or nonrechargeable batteries and secondary or rechargeable batteries. Fuel cells are classified into five types: phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, alkaline electrolyte fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cell. The article presents reactions that occur during charging and discharging of lead-acid batteries, PAFCs, and MCFCs.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003146
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and lead-base alloys grouped according to nominal chemical composition. The properties of lead that make it useful in a wide variety of applications are also discussed. The largest use of lead is in lead-acid storage batteries. Other applications include ammunition, cable sheathing, cast products...
Abstract
This article discusses the properties, primary and secondary production, product forms and applications of various grades of lead and lead-base alloys with the aid of several tables and illustrations. It lists the Unified Numbering System (UNS) designations for various pure lead grades and lead-base alloys grouped according to nominal chemical composition. The properties of lead that make it useful in a wide variety of applications are also discussed. The largest use of lead is in lead-acid storage batteries. Other applications include ammunition, cable sheathing, cast products such as type metals, terneplate, foils, and building construction materials. Lead is also used as an alloying element in steel and in copper alloys to improve machinability. The article concludes with information on the principles of lead corrosion, corrosion resistance of lead in water, atmospheres, underground ducts, soil and chemicals.
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