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Book Chapter

By Matthew J. Perricone
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003739
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract This article provides a discussion on the transformations of various categories of bainite in ferrous systems. These include upper bainite, lower bainite, inverse bainite, granular bainite, and columnar bainite. The article also provides information on the bainite transformations...
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 15 Bainite morphologies. (a) Upper bainite. (b) Lower bainite More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 17 Microstructure of (a) upper bainite and (b) lower bainite in a Cr-Mo-V rotor steel. 2% nital + 4% picral etch. Original magnification: 500×. (c) S5 tool steel austenitized, isothermally transformed (partially) at 540 °C (1000 °F) for 8 h, and water quenched to form upper bainite (dark More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 15 Lower bainite. (a) Light micrograph illustrating sheaves of lower bainite in a partially transformed (668 K) Fe-0.3C-4Cr wt% alloy. The light matrix phase is martensite. (b) Corresponding transmission electron micrograph illustrating subunits of lower bainite. Source: Ref 2 More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 36 Appearance of upper bainite (a and b) and lower bainite (c) in eutectoid steel (0.8% C) at original magnification 250× (left) and 2000× (right). (a) The structure is pearlite with some upper bainite after isothermal exposure at 500 °C (930 °F) for 0.5 s. (b) Upper bainite is dominant More
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 21 Microstructure of (a) upper bainite and (b) lower bainite in a Cr-Mo-V rotor steel. 2% nital + 4% picral etch. 500× More
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 22 TEM micrographs of (a) upper bainite and (b) lower bainite in a Cr-Mo-V rotor steel More
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Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 22 Microstructure of (a) upper bainite and (b) lower bainite in a Cr-Mo-V rotor steel. 2% nital + 4% picral etch. 500× More
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Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 23 TEM micrographs of (a) upper bainite and (b) lower bainite in a Cr-Mo-V rotor steel More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 8 Transformation-expansion comparison of martensite and bainite at various carbon contents. This applies to the commercial austempering range of 260 to 399 °C (500 to 750 °F). Source: Ref 4 More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 18 Light micrograph showing patches of (a) upper bainite formed in 4150 steel partially transformed at 460 °C (860 °F) and (b) lower bainite (dark plates) in 4150 steel (nital etch). Courtesy of F.A. Jacobs ( Ref 25 ) More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 5 Light micrograph showing patches of upper bainite (dark) formed in 4150 steel partially transformed at 460 °C (860 °F). Courtesy of F.A. Jacobs More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 6 Light micrograph showing lower bainite (dark plates or needles) formed in 4150 steel. Courtesy of F.A. Jacobs. More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 3 An illustration of the growth of bainite and the development of upper or lower bainite morphologies. Source: Ref 5 More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 6 Transmission electron micrograph of a sheaf of upper bainite in a partially transformed Fe-0.43C-2Si-3Mn wt% alloy. Source: Ref 2 More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 9 Surface reliefs due to bainite (B) and martensite (M) formation. Note the abrupt halt in growth of both martensite and bainite upon impingement of growth interface and parent γ phase boundary. Source: Ref 12 More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 16 Lower bainite in a 4360 steel specimen, austenitized, isothermally transformed at 300 °C (570 °F), and quenched. The matrix is untempered martensite. Picral etch. 500×. Source: Ref 14 More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 17 Lower bainite formed at 345 °C (650 °F) in 4360 steel. 8000×. Source: Ref 16 More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 18 Transmission electron micrograph of lower bainite showing the precipitation of several variants of carbide particles within the plate of bainitic ferrite. Source: Ref 13 More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 21 Replica electron micrograph of mixed microstructure (granular bainite, austenite, and martensite), with the parent austenite boundaries delineated by irregularly shaped particles. Source: Ref 31 More