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Book Chapter

By George F. Vander Voort
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003520
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article outlines the basic steps to be followed and the range of techniques available for failure analysis, namely, background data assembling, visual examination, microfractography, chemical analysis, metallographic examination, electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005343
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... the proper material evaluations, and thoroughly evaluating the test data. Background Information Before any testing is conducted, a significant amount of background information needs to be known about the casting under investigation. Although this stage of a failure analysis is not always thought...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006762
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... progresses, particularly when testing is inconclusive, contradictory, or cannot be performed. Failure analysts can and should change their theory of failure as the investigation progresses if the data warrant another investigative path. Frequently, customers without a background in materials, engineering...
Book Chapter

By Thomas N. Blanton, Gregory Schmidt
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006656
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... collected on an area detector first must be integrated to convert the 2-D image into an X - Y plot format. The plot then is imported into any proprietary or open-source software programs for processing and analysis. Initial data processing usually begins with the definition of the background. For purely...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002423
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... that lead to a ready-to-assemble manufactured component. This article discusses the various roles and responsibilities of materials engineers in a product realization organization and suggests new and different ways in which materials engineers may benefit their organization. Insights into use...
Book Chapter

By Gary Vrsek
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002448
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... that will be required. For a particular product, the parties involved might include manufacturing, finance, inspection, stamping, assembly, material control, casting, and machining. Each area has its own specific information needs. Background Traditional Design Process Product design and its accompanying...
Book Chapter

By Thomas S. Piwonka
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003176
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... be designed for function rather than ease of assembly, like built-up structures. Fillet radii are usually generous, decreasing stress concentration factors. Converting a built-up assembly to a casting usually is accompanied by a decrease in part count, assembly time and inventory, and weight...
Book Chapter

By John MacKrell
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002441
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... with constraint parameters have greatly simplified how designers work with solid modelers to design parts and assemblies. The article describes four types of constraints: numeric, geometric, algebraic, and attributes. It presents a discussion on data associativity and assembly design used in CAD system...
Book Chapter

By Mark T. MacLean-Blevins, Eric R. Larson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006927
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract This article provides background information needed by design engineers to create part designs optimized for plastics and plastic manufacturing processes. It describes the four essential elements of plastic part development, namely, material, process, tooling, and design, and provides...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003500
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... the analysis of the evidence with a quantitative understanding of the stressors and background information on the design, manufacture, and service history of the failed product or system. Just as failure analysis is a proven discipline for identifying the physical roots of failures, root-cause analysis...
Book Chapter

By Debbie Aliya
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003518
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... administrators, and many other fields. Commercial software tools These exist for a variety of functions, including tracking the course of an investigation and suggesting a course of action for the background data collection. In many cases, particularly when litigation is or may be involved...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006753
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
.... Collaboration with experts in other disciplines is required in certain circumstances to integrate the analysis of the evidence with a quantitative understanding of the stressors and background information on the design, manufacture, and service history of the failed product or system. A thorough failure...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003323
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... in this article are intended to introduce technical testing concepts and necessary theoretical background subjects. With this introduction as a guide, the interested reader can select and perform practical tests that can help confirm strength and reliability factors for fasteners and bolted-joint assemblies...
Book Chapter

By Debbie Aliya
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006754
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... tools These exist for a variety of functions, including tracking the course of an investigation and suggesting a course of action for the background data collection. In many cases, particularly when litigation is or may be involved, it is preferable to define and document how the decision about...
Book Chapter

By Todd J. Menna
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006942
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... on the fracture surface. In general, the failure analysis plan will include steps, typically in the order presented: Obtain background information Nondestructive examination Destructive examination Fractography Chemical and physical analysis Data analysis Conclusions Not all...
Book Chapter

By J.B. Lumsden
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001771
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... normal and the direction of the emitted electron, λ cos θ is sometimes termed the escape depth. Fig. 3 The energy dependence of the mean free path of an electron. Source: Ref 5 An empirical value for the inelastic mean free path obtained from the data in Fig. 3 for electrons having...
Book Chapter

By Rafael Radkowski
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006439
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... interprets the image data in the machine vision process, a sequence of steps comprised of image preprocessing, analysis, and interpretation, in order to generate information for subsequent processes. This information is usually used as a basis for an appropriate course of action. The entire sequence of image...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006758
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... data generated, and methods utilized, during acceptance are still applicable to aid with the failure analysis. If the assembly is a mechanical component, the case may be that only the amount of wear or electrical connection may be of importance and other parts such as the casing or mounting points may...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006922
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... for the material selection process. They can also give ambiguous information that should be ignored, such as “chemical resistant.” Single-Point Material Property Data Information typically found in material datasheets includes: General Background Information Regions of the world where the material...
Book Chapter

By George M. Matlack
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001749
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
...-in.) square micro cover glass and evaporating it to dryness. The assembly shown in Fig. 2 was used for this step. The α-activity on each counting plate was measured in an internal-sample proportional α-counting chamber for 10 min. The chamber background count rate was previously determined, using...