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C.D. Rudd
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004162
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
...-resistant sheet metals, such as electrogalvanized steel, hot dip galvanized steel, and hot dip galvannealed steel, are reviewed. The article provides information on the paint and sealant systems for corrosion control in automotive body applications. automotive body applications corrosion control...
Abstract
This article discusses the commonly encountered forms of automotive body corrosion. The corrosion forms include general or uniform corrosion, cosmetic or under-film corrosion, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, poultice or under-deposit corrosion, and pitting corrosion. Corrosion-resistant sheet metals, such as electrogalvanized steel, hot dip galvanized steel, and hot dip galvannealed steel, are reviewed. The article provides information on the paint and sealant systems for corrosion control in automotive body applications.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003474
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... applications have both structural and appearance requirements that have tended to change with time. High quality surface appearance on secondary structures, such as hoods and body panels, is required. Automotive applications have stringent design and appearance requirements that are, at times, in conflict...
Abstract
This article discusses the advantages of polymer matrix composite for automotive application in terms of design drivers, noise, vibration, harshness efficiency, process materials property constraints, safety and reliability, design optimization, structural and appearance requirements, recyclability, and processability. It describes the properties of high-volume composites used in automotive industries. The article provides a discussion on state-of-the-art and developing technologies in automotive field.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006530
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract Adhesive bonding is a proven technology in the manufacture of automotive assemblies, helping carmakers achieve weight reduction goals without compromising body stiffness, crash performance, and noise-vibration-handling characteristics. This article discusses the advantages...
Abstract
Adhesive bonding is a proven technology in the manufacture of automotive assemblies, helping carmakers achieve weight reduction goals without compromising body stiffness, crash performance, and noise-vibration-handling characteristics. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of adhesive-bonded aluminum joints and the procedures used to produce them. It addresses surface preparation, the addition of interfacial coatings and primers, and the application of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins. The article examines the nature and role of the various layers that constitute the joint and explains how each contributes to performance. It also discusses adhesive selection factors, joint design, and testing procedures.
Book Chapter
Corrosion of Aluminum Components in the Automotive Industry
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004166
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
...: The Corrosion Resistant Automotive Material,” publication AT7, Aluminum Association , 2001 3. “Aluminum for Automotive Body Sheet Panels,” publication AT3, Aluminum Association , 1998 4. Komatsu Y. et al. , “Application of All Aluminum Automotive Body for Honda NSX,” technical paper...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the principle forms of corrosion that can occur on automotive aluminum components and offers general guidelines on how best to avoid these situations. It discusses the most common forms of aluminum corrosion such as stress-induced corrosion, cosmetic corrosion, crevice corrosion, and galvanic corrosion.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... of using HSS and AHSS in automotive applications. advanced high-strength steels automotive applications edge cracking forming high-strength steels springback stamping issues THE STEEL INDUSTRY has responded to competition from alternative materials for lightweighting and performance...
Abstract
This article provides information on the classification of high-strength steels (HSS) and advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) and tabulates designation of HSS and AHSS as recommended by the American Iron and Steel Institute. It reviews the major grades of HSS and AHSS that are used or will potentially be used in industrial applications. The article discusses different stamping issues such as edge cracking and springback, encountered during forming of AHSS, and lists guidelines for reducing springback in stamped components. It concludes with a discussion on the major advantages and disadvantages of using HSS and AHSS in automotive applications.
Book Chapter
Cast Aluminum Alloy Datasheets
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006553
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
...-matrix composite compositions. Applications include: Missile bodies Missile fins Aircraft pylons Aircraft canopies Wing flaps Speed brakes Hatch covers Hydraulic pumps Automotive suspension systems and cross-members Fuel pumps Brake valves Armored cupolas...
Abstract
This article summarizes some general alloy groupings by application or major characteristics. The groupings include cast rotor, general-purpose, elevated-temperature, wear-resistant, moderate-strength, high-strength, and high-integrity die casting alloys and cast aluminum alloys bearings. A table lists selected applications for aluminum casting alloys.
Book Chapter
6009 and 6010 Sheet Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006710
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... Abstract The sheet alloys 6009 and 6010 fill the need for materials that would be formed in the soft T4 temper and age harden during the automotive paint-bake cycle. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties...
Abstract
The sheet alloys 6009 and 6010 fill the need for materials that would be formed in the soft T4 temper and age harden during the automotive paint-bake cycle. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties, and fabrication characteristics of these 6xxx series alloys.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Titanium and Titanium Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001080
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... along with its market developments. It also discusses the application of titanium and titanium alloys in corrosive environments and in aerospace and automotive industries. The article describes the developments in titanium processing and materials technologies, which include the development of sponge...
Abstract
Titanium has been recognized as an element with good mechanical and physical properties, alloying characteristics, and corrosion resistance. Providing an outline of general characteristics and types of titanium alloys, this article discusses the contemporary technology of titanium along with its market developments. It also discusses the application of titanium and titanium alloys in corrosive environments and in aerospace and automotive industries. The article describes the developments in titanium processing and materials technologies, which include the development of sponge production and melting processes, oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys by powder metallurgy techniques, titanium-base intermetallic compounds, and titanium-matrix composites.
Book Chapter
Continuous Electrodeposited Coatings for Steel Strip
Available to PurchaseBook: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001271
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Table 2 Worldwide capacity for electrolytic zinc and alloy (Zn-Ni, Zn-Fe) coated steel strip for primarily automotive body panels, 1991 The list does not include some medium and small strip plating lines that plate narrow steel strip for appliances, furniture, and other nonautomotive applications...
Abstract
This article explains the applications of continuous electroplated steel. For each category of application, the type of coating needed and the key attributes of the coating are discussed. The bulk of the article describes electrodeposition technology, including plating line components and process classification.
Book Chapter
Resin Transfer Molding and Structural Reaction Injection Molding
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003413
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract Resin transfer molding and structural reaction injection molding belong to a family, sometimes denoted as liquid composite molding. This article provides information on the characteristics and automotive and aerospace applications of liquid composite molding. It reviews techniques...
Abstract
Resin transfer molding and structural reaction injection molding belong to a family, sometimes denoted as liquid composite molding. This article provides information on the characteristics and automotive and aerospace applications of liquid composite molding. It reviews techniques that use hard tooling and positive (superatmospheric) pressures to produce structures. The techniques include vacuum-assisted resin injection, vacuum infusion, resin-film infusion, and injection-compression molding. The article provides an overview of the materials that are commonly used together with some of processing characteristics that are important to processing speed and part quality. It concludes with a discussion on design guidelines for the liquid composite molding.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006374
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... the friction and wear of automotive and aircraft brakes. Automotive brakes, as a group, include those used for passenger car and light truck drum and disk brakes, heavy truck and bus drum brakes, and off-road vehicle drum, band, and disk brakes. All of these brake applications operate in nominally dry...
Abstract
This article focuses on friction and wear of automotive and aircraft brakes. It provides a comparison of friction and wear behaviors, frictional characteristics, and frictional performance of the friction materials. The article describes the components of brake friction materials and the classifications of brake lining materials. It discusses the effect of formulation compositions and manufacturing processes and the effect of braking operation conditions. The article provides information on aircraft brake linings, which operate under a wide range of kinetic energy conditions. The morphology effect of graphite on automotive brake drum and disk is explained. The article also describes the characteristics of specific wear rates for both normal and local cast iron in automotive brake drums and disk rotors. It provides information on noises, vibrations, and harshness caused by brake pads. The article concludes with information on physical and chemical testing of brakes and toxicity of brake formulation and regulations.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003223
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... production are cadmium, bismuth, and lead in concentrations less than 0.01%. Today's popular aluminum alloy 5182 for car body panels contains too many potentially dirty elements to recycle it into another grade of sheet. Likewise, automotive grades 5052 and 6061 pose a barrier to recycling because...
Abstract
Product design greatly influences the recycling and reuse of manufacturing materials. This article presents a design for recycling strategy based on ease of disassembly, minimizing process scrap, using readily recyclable materials, and labelling or otherwise identifying parts. It also discusses the concept of life-cycle analysis (LCA), a quantitative accounting of the environmental and economic costs of using a given material and the energy required to make, distribute, operate, and eventually dispose of the host product and its constituent materials. An important but often overlooked step in the LCA process is to identify potential improvement pathways.
Book Chapter
Structural Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... the potential for many applications. For example, aluminum titanate has found uses as funnels and ladles in the foundry industry (aluminum, magnesium, zinc, and iron do not wet aluminum titanate). The automotive industry is also investigating aluminum titanate for exhaust port liners and exhaust manifolds...
Abstract
This article discusses the properties and uses of structural ceramics and the basic processing steps by which they are made. It describes raw material preparation, forming and fabrication, thermal processing, and finishing. It provides information on the composition, microstructure, and properties of aluminum oxides, aluminum titanate, silicon carbide, boron carbide, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon-aluminum-oxynitride, and several ceramic composites. It also explains how these materials maintain their mechanical strength and dimensional tolerances at high temperatures and how some of their shortcomings are being addressed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001012
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
.... In the United States, more than 9 × 10 6 Mg (1 × 10 7 tons) of steel is produced annually by precoating. A large amount of this total is used by the automotive industry for both unexposed and exposed panels—from frames and floor pans to doors, fenders, and hoods ( Fig. 1 ). Typically, 75% of the body, chassis...
Abstract
Steel sheet is often coated in coil form prior to fabrication to save time, reduce production costs, and streamline operations. This article examines the most common precoating methods and provides a metallurgical understanding of how they impact the manufacturability, performance, and service life of the host material. The article covers metallic coatings, including zinc, aluminum, zinc-aluminum alloys, tin, and terne; pretreatment or phosphate coatings; and preprimed and painted finishes based on organic coatings.
Book Chapter
Accreditation of Mechanical Testing Laboratories
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003260
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... of personnel who have expert technical knowledge of the test or measurement methodology being evaluated for recognition in a specific laboratory, together with personnel who have specific knowledge of the policies and practices of the accreditation body and the general systems applicable to all accredited...
Abstract
The purpose of accreditation is to evaluate and assure high-quality results from suppliers of products or services without incurring the costs associated with auditing each supplier. This article describes laboratory accreditation based on the general requirements of International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) Guide 25, "General Requirements for the Competence of Calibration and Testing Laboratories." The Guide 25 is a balanced standard that addresses quality system requirements of ISO 9000 and the technical requirements needed to perform testing or calibration. The article describes an accreditation process that would enhance the international acceptance of test data for mechanical testing laboratories.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003121
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... applications, aircrafts, architectural applications, automotive parts, building products, chemical equipment, dump bodies, electrical and electronic applications, fasteners, fence wire, fan blades, general sheet metal, highway signs, hospital and medical equipment, kitchen equipment, machine parts, ordnance...
Abstract
Aluminum and its alloys are used in a broad range of applications. This article discusses the primary and secondary production of aluminum and the classification system for cast and wrought products. It describes some of the more common manufactured forms, including commercial wrought aluminum products, aluminum alloy engineered castings, powder metallurgy parts, and metal-matrix composites. The article also reviews fabrication characteristics such as machining, forming, forging, and joining. It concludes with a description of the major industrial applications of wrought and cast aluminum alloys.
Book Chapter
Techno-Economic Issues in Materials Selection
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002451
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... body-in-white. automobile body-in-white cost analysis life cycle analysis material selection technical cost modeling THE SELECTION OF MATERIALS in industrial applications has always been important to product designers. This is a consequence of the fact that the selection of material...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of cost analysis in materials selection. It discusses the several categories of alternatives for cost analysis. These include rules of thumb, accounting methods, and analytical methods. The article describes the methods for evaluating materials alternatives on the basis of both direct economic costs and indirect social costs. It considers the life cycle costs of alternative body-in-white designs and life cycle analysis. The various elements of cost are introduced with a case study concerned with the manufacture, use, and disposal of the automobile body-in-white.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005607
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... by using a dual-head system in which the ultrasonic energy is introduced from both sides of the weldment. Production applications include wire to wire and wire to terminals for wire harnesses for appliance, automotive, and the cable industry; buss bars; circuit breakers; contacts; ignition modules...
Abstract
Ultrasonic metal welding is a solid-state welding process that produces coalescence through the simultaneous application of localized high-frequency vibratory energy and moderate clamping forces. This article discusses the parameters to be considered when selecting a suitable welder for ultrasonic metal welding. It details the personnel requirements, advantages, limitations, and applications, namely, wire welds, spot welds, continuous seam welds, and microelectronic welds of ultrasonic metal welding.
Book Chapter
5182 Sheet Alloy
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006700
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... for use in a variety of other applications, including truck-trailer sheet, automotive panels, and tanker sheet. Typical properties of 5182 are presented in Tables 2 and 3 . Modified tempers also have been developed to improve performance factors such as puncture resistance and dent resistance...
Abstract
This datasheet provides information on composition limits, fabrication characteristics, processing effects on physical and tensile properties, and applications of sheet alloy 5182.
Book Chapter
Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003674
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... resistance than those without copper. The range of alloys in this series is very broad. Some of the alloys are produced only as sheet products for applications such as automotive body panels; others are produced only as extrusions for use as structural shapes. Still others are produced as extrusions...
Abstract
This article addresses the general effects of the composition, mechanical treatment, surface treatment, and processing on the corrosion resistance of aluminum and aluminum alloys. There are five major alloying elements: copper, manganese, silicon, magnesium, and zinc, which significantly influence the properties of aluminum alloys. There are organic coatings or paints that provide a barrier between a corrosive environment and aluminum surface. Inorganic coatings, including claddings, and enhanced oxides, such as anodized films, Boehmite films, and conversion coatings also help in corrosion prevention. The article assists in the information on selection of fabrication operations, as they play an important role in corrosion resistance.
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