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austempered ductile iron
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006339
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... Abstract Austempered ductile iron (ADI) results from a specialty heat treatment of ductile cast iron. This article discusses the production of austempered ductile iron by heat treatment. The austempered ductile iron grades, according to ISO 17804 and EN 1564, are presented in a table...
Abstract
Austempered ductile iron (ADI) results from a specialty heat treatment of ductile cast iron. This article discusses the production of austempered ductile iron by heat treatment. The austempered ductile iron grades, according to ISO 17804 and EN 1564, are presented in a table. For economic reasons, or to avoid metallurgical problems, combinations of alloys are often used to achieve the desired hardenability in austempered ductile iron. The article provides information on the alloy combinations for austempered ductile iron. The mechanical properties, fracture toughness, fatigue, and abrasion resistance of the austempered ductile iron are discussed. The article concludes with information on the applications for austempered ductile iron.
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 88 Austempered ductile iron (the same ductile iron as in Fig. 32 ). Acicular ferrite and austenite. The casting was austempered: 900 °C (1650 °F), held 2 h, taken to salt bath at 360 °C (680 °F), held 180 min, and air cooled. Etched with 4% nital. 500×
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 40 Microstructure of austempered ductile iron tint etched with Beraha's CdS reagent. The microstructure shows large graphite nodules, ausferrite (blue and brown), and retained austenite (white) when viewed with polarized light plus sensitive tint.
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 20 Austempered ductile iron (Fe-3.6%C-2.5%Si-0.06%P-1.5%Ni-0.7%Cu). CB, cell boundaries; H, ferritic halo around the graphite nodules. Etched with Klemm I reagent. 200×
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 32 Austempered ductile iron (Fe-3.6%C-2.5%Si-0.056%P-0.052%Mg-0.7%Cu). Martensite and acicular ferrite. The casting was austempered at 900 °C (1650 °F), held 2 h, taken to salt bath at 360 °C (680 °F), held 2 min, and air cooled. Etched with 4% nital. 1000×
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 36 Austempered ductile iron (Fe-3.6%C-2.5%Si-0.052%Mg-0.7%Cu). AF, acicular ferrite; A, austenite; and M, martensite. The casting was austempered at 900 °C (1650 °F), held 2 h, taken to salt bath at 360 °C (680 °F), held 30 min, and air cooled. Etched with 4% nital. 1000×
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 28 Tensile properties of austempered ductile iron (ADI) and conventional ductile iron based on minimum values complying to ASTM International standards. Source: Ref 10
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 2 Proposed strength and elongation ranges of austempered ductile iron compared to established criteria for other grades of ductile iron. DIS, Ductile Iron Society; BCIRA, British Cast Iron Research Association
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 71 Austempered ductile iron (Fe-3.6%C-2.5%Si-0.052%Mg-0.7%Cu). Chunky (CH) and spiky (SP) types of graphite. As-polished. 100×
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Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 89 Austempered ductile iron (the same composition as in Fig. 32 ). Acicular ferrite and austenite. The casting was austempered: 900 °C (1650 °F), held 2 h, taken to salt bath at 380 °C (715 °F), held 180 min, and air cooled. Etched with 4% nital. 500×
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 90 Austempered ductile iron (the same composition as in Fig. 32 ). Martensite and small amount of acicular ferrite (AF). The casting was austempered: 900 °C (1650 °F), held 2 h, taken to salt bath at 300 °C (570 °F), held 2 min, and air cooled. Etched with 4% nital. 1000×
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 2 Austempered ductile iron structure consisting of spheroidal graphite in a matrix of bainitic ferritic plates (dark) and interplate austenite (white)
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 21 Micrograph of GR 750-500-11 austempered ductile iron showing the presence of a mixed microstructure of proeutectoid ferrite and ausferrite produced by austenitizing in an intercritical range before austempering at 370 °C (700 °F). Etched with 5% nital. Courtesy of Applied Process, Inc.
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 22 Micrographs of carbidic austempered ductile iron treated at different austempering temperatures. (a) Carbidic ductile iron with 18% carbide by volume austempered at 370 °C (700 °F). (b) Same iron as in (a) austempered at 260 °C (500 °F). Etched with 5% nital. Courtesy of Applied
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Published: 31 August 2017
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 24 Machining grade 2 austempered ductile iron. (a) Tool life versus cutting speed for different cutting tool materials. Source: Ref 27 . (b) Flank wear and the ratio of volume metal removed per units of flank wear with polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutting tool. Source: Ref
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 25 Effect of cutting speed on tool life of austempered ductile iron (ADI) with different hardnesses. Note: The ADI type number refers to the austempering temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. Source: Ref 27
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 38 Grade 2 austempered ductile iron chips for various feed rates and depths of cut at 80 m/min (265 ft/min) cutting speed. The area of the black squares is 1 mm 2 (0.002 in. 2 ). Source: Ref 26
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 17 Austempered ductile iron (Fe-3.6%C-2.5%Si-0.056%P-0.052%Mg-0.7%Cu). Martensite and acicular ferrite. The casting was austempered at 900 °C (1650 °F), held 2 h, taken to salt bath at 360 °C (680 °F), held 2 min, and air cooled. Etched with 4% nital. Original magnification: 1000×
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Image
Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 24 Austempered ductile iron (Fe-3.6%C-2.5%Si-0.06%P-1.5%Ni-0.7%Cu). CB, cell boundaries; H, ferritic halo around the graphite nodules. Etched with Klemm’s I reagent. Original magnification: 200×
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