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Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 5 Degradation of a composite surface after exposure to atomic oxygen. (a) Bright-field illumination, 25× objective. (b) Transmitted light, differential interference contrast, 20× objective More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000631
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... oxygen environment exposure effect, solar cell interconnect, integrated circuit defects, and fatigue failure of these materials. electronic materials fatigue failure fractograph integrated circuits ultrasonic cleaning Fig. 1326, 1327 Effect of exposure to the atomic oxygen environment...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009084
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract Polymer composite materials are subject to degradation if not appropriately protected from the environment. This article describes the effects of heat and atomic oxygen and ultraviolet-light on composite material surfaces, with illustrations. atomic oxygen composite material...
Book Chapter

By Kenneth E. Kihlstrom
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001113
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... describes the in-situ film growth techniques for producing atomic oxygen by radio frequency excitation or microwave discharge or with ozone. electron-beam co-evaporation high-critical-temperature materials in-situ film growth laser ablation low-critical-temperature materials sputtering thin-film...
Image
Published: 15 June 2020
Fig. 43 Oxygen content of copper powder atomized from oxygen-free electronic copper bar, screened in air and argon to a 15 to 53 μm distribution. The data show the pickup of oxygen from the powder manufacturer to the first and tenth runs using electron beam powder-bed fusion. The oxygen More
Image
Published: 15 June 2020
Fig. 41 Powder nitrogen gas atomized from oxygen-free electronic copper material. (a) After screening in air to a size distribution suitable for laser powder-bed fusion, surface oxides are evident (b, c) on the surfaces of powder particles and (d) within when sectioned. More
Image
Published: 15 June 2020
Fig. 42 Oxygen content of nitrogen-atomized powder as a function of powder size (by mesh screen fraction) for powders screened in air and in inert argon atmosphere More
Image
Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 8 Effect of oxygen content on compressibility of water atomized iron powder (<0.2 wt% Mn, 0.01 wt% Si) blended with 0.75 wt% Acrawax C and 0.4 wt% graphite. Data at 0.1 wt% O includes results from iron powder with 0.6 wt% Mn. Source: Ref 8 More
Image
Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 3 Polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a water molecule More
Image
Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 4 Nonpolar covalent bonding between carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule More
Book Chapter

By Marek Danielewski
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003589
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
.... Cations diffuse through the scale from the Ni/ NiO interface where the nickel atoms enter the oxide: Ni(metallic) + V Ni ″ = Ni Ni + 2 e − . They diffuse by cation vacancies ( J c = − J V ) to the NiO/gas interface where they react with adsorbed oxygen: Ni Ni + O 2− = V Ni...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 27 April 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v03.a0006190
EISBN: 978-1-62708-163-4
... Abstract This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which oxygen (O) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary...
Book Chapter

By Bo Hu
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006090
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... powder used in oxygen scavengers and chemical reactive warmers and heaters. Metal powders used as fuels in solid propellants, pyrotechnic devices, explosives, and similar applications are reviewed. Atomized aluminum, magnesium, tungsten, and zirconium powders are also discussed. atomized aluminum...
Book Chapter

By Roland T. Warzel, III
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006068
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... of the powder decreases significantly with decreasing pouring or atomizing temperature ( Ref 2 ). In the interest of low-oxygen-content powders, the atomization tank is partly filled with water and purged with nitrogen; thus, air leakage into the tank is avoided. Nitrogen purging of the atomization chamber...
Book Chapter

By Kenneth B. Tator
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006005
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... elements, including carbon (atomic number 6) and oxygen (8). In such cores, the heat is high enough, approximately 180 million °F, to force three helium nuclei to fuse into a carbon nucleus, or four helium nuclei into an oxygen nucleus. In very massive stars, those of more than eight solar masses...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006065
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... of atomized aluminum powders is influenced strongly by the amount of oxygen present in the gas phase during atomization. Particles atomized in an inert gas show spherical features, whereas air-atomized particles are of irregular shape (also known as “nodular” powders). This effect of oxygen on morphology has...
Image
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 5 Partial phase diagrams for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen systems. Of these three elements, oxygen has the smallest atomic diameter and thus the greatest solubility in alpha; carbon has the largest atomic diameter and the lowest solubility in alpha titanium. Source: Ref 1 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001286
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... 2 on Fe 3.0 Ni on Mo 2.1 Ag on Mo 1.5 Au on W 3.0 O 2 on Mo 7.5 Note: 1 eV/atom = 23 kcal/mole. Source: Ref 8 The bonding between a metal atom and an oxide surface is proportional to the metal-oxygen free energy of formation, with the best adhesion produced...
Book Chapter

By Kenneth B. Tator
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003844
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... is shown in Fig. 1 . Fig. 1 Bis-A epoxy resin structure The structural formula depicts each atom of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the molecule. The lines between each of the atoms indicate the chemical bonds between the atoms. These electronic bonds hold the atoms together to form...
Book Chapter

By Chris Schade, John J. Dunkley
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006084
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... in the melt, normally hydrogen but possibly oxygen or steam. Hydrogen-bearing melt stock (e.g., cathode nickel, copper, cobalt) and dampness should be checked and the melt deoxidation practice reviewed. Composition and Microstructure Atomization has the fundamental advantage over other methods...