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asymmetric laminates

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002478
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
.... Composite laminates are constructed from lamina with uniaxial fiber orientation and frequently from textile fabrics as well. The article explains the characteristics of symmetric in-plane and through-thickness laminates; asymmetric in-plane and symmetric through-thickness laminates; asymmetric laminates...
Image
Published: 01 January 1997
acute in symmetric laminate. (b) Fully asymmetric laminate. The use of an asymmetric laminate allows the thermal coefficients of expansion to be controlled to compensate for thermal distortions and preserve the right-angle. However, a fully asymmetric laminate would warp in the arms of the right angle More
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003044
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... be abbreviated as [0°/ 90 °] S . For asymmetric laminates, a subscript “T” is often used to denote total laminate. For example, the laminate [0°/90°] can be written as [0°/90°] T . This assures the reader that the laminate is indeed asymmetric and that a subscript “S” was not inadvertently omitted. Balanced...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003383
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... ). All the plates discussed here are midplane symmetric, which eliminates bending-stretching coupling. It is, however, possible to include this effect in the analysis if asymmetrical laminates are used. The first ten modes of vibration of a typical plate can be adequately described by using a coarse...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003378
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... the development of the relations between mid-surface strains and curvatures and membrane stress and moment resultants. The article discusses the properties, such as thermal expansion, moisture expansion, and conductivity, of symmetric laminates and unsymmetric laminates. It describes the distribution...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003443
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article provides the general mechanical testing guidelines for the characterization of lamina and laminate properties. Guidelines are provided for tensile property, compressive property, shear property, flexure property, fracture toughness, and fatigue property test methods...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003041
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... in autoclave molding. It also describes the tooling configuration and type of tooling which includes aluminum and steel tooling, electroformed nickel tooling, graphite-epoxy tooling, and elastomeric tooling. autoclave molding autoclave molding materials autoclave system composites laminates layup...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003330
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... for composites. The properties reduced from tension tests on composite materials are effective (averaged) properties. The test method applies to unidirectional composites but can also be performed on laminates, woven fabrics, or discontinuous fiber composites. For asymmetric and/or unbalanced laminates...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003236
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
..., cracks, segregations, seams, flakes, pipe Rolled products—laminations, inclusions, tears, seams, cracks Castings—slag, porosity, cold shuts, tears, shrinkage cracks, inclusions Service-induced flaws: fatigue cracks, corrosion, erosion, stress-corrosion cracks Angle-beam, contact-type...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003356
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... for construction lumber. Hybrid Composites Hybrid composites were manufactured using glass (E-glass woven fiber) and Durafiber grade 2 flax fibers (Cargill Limited Inc.) in an AESO- based polymer ( Ref 84 ). These were manufactured in symmetric and asymmetric manners by RTM. In the symmetric hybrid...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003436
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
..., and brittle matrix. These defects include delaminations, matrix cracking, fiber fracture, fiber pullout, and impact damage. Table 1 shows some of the defects that may appear in composite laminates and their effect on the structural performance. While the emphasis of most practical nondestructive evaluation...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006478
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
..., matrix cracking, fiber fracture, fiber pullout, and impact damage. Table 1 shows some of the defects that may appear in composite laminates and their effect on the structural performance. While the emphasis of most practical nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is on detection of delaminations, porosity...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003381
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
.... and Lyons J.S. , Effect of Hygrothermal Environment on the Bending of PMC Laminates under Large Deflection , J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. , Vol 19 ( No. 06 ), 2000 , p 465 – 491 • Upadhyay P.C. and Lyons J.S. , Hygrothermal Effect on the Large Deflection Bending of Asymmetric PMC...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003415
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of the matrix. At the moment the matrix melts, the glass mat within the laminate begins to revert back to its original three-dimensional form in a process known as “lofting.” Here the material thickness rises by a factor of two or three back to the original lofted height of the glass mats before lamination...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.9781627081900
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006473
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.9781627082006
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003068
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... to a limited extent in the alkyd. Resin used in coatings. Reaction products of ambient. The environment that surrounds and con- production of molded and laminated insulating materi- polyhydric alcohols and polybasic acids. Also used ex- tacts a system or component. als. Products made from these resins have...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... of an interface. Metal/air interfaces produce sharp indications if the interfaces are relatively smooth and essentially parallel to the front surface. If an interface is curved (such as the surface of a large pore) or rough (such as a crack, seam, or lamination) or if it is not ideally reflecting...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003262
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
.... For asymmetrical beams such as Z-sections and unequal L-sections, the second and third conditions for cylindrical bending are not satisfied; for unsymmetrical bending of symmetrical beams, the third condition is not met. These cases are significant in structural design and will not be considered here. Information...