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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005590
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... process: electrical shock, fumes and gases, arc radiation, and fire and explosion. arc radiation automatic welding electrical shock filler metals fire and explosion fumes gas tungsten arc welding power supplies robotic welding safety precautions shielding gas torch construction tungsten...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005566
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... into the arc and pool of molten flux. The distinguishing feature of submerged arc welding is the granular material (flux) that covers the weld area and prevents arc radiation, sparks, spatter, and fumes from escaping. The flux is of major importance in achieving the high deposition rates and high-quality...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006871
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Activation spectra of unstabilized and stabilized 3200 μm (125 mil) thick polyester specimen using 1000 W xenon arc with borosilicate glass filter. Source: Ref 3 A chromophore is a component of the polymer that absorbs solar radiation. Internal chromophores are part of the polymer matrix. External...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005635
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... and explosion. adhesive bonding arc welding brazing compressed gas cutting electrical safety electromagnetic radiation electron beam welding explosion prevention explosion protection explosion welding fire prevention fire protection friction welding fumes gas high-frequency welding laser...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001487
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... housekeeping is essential to avoid injuries. A welder's vision is often restricted by necessary eye protection. Persons passing a welding station must shield their eyes from the flame or arc radiation. The limited vision of the welder and passers-by make them vulnerable to tripping over objects on the floor...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003028
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
...-W xenon arc with borosilicate glass filter. Source: Ref 2 The absorption of UV radiation alone may not necessarily cause the degradation of a plastic material. A wavelength whose photon energy corresponds to a particular bond energy in the polymer chain can break the bond (chain scission...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001465
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
...-gravity environments and describes the unique aspects of the space environment. It compares the applicable welding processes, namely, electron-beam welding, laser-beam welding, and gas-tungsten arc welding and examines the metallurgy of low-gravity welds. Steps taken to ensure the continued development...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001354
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... to 3 4 in.) to ensure that the weld metal is properly shielded. The welding arc must be protected against air drafts that can disperse the shielding gas, which limits outdoor applications unless protective shields are placed around the welding area. Relatively high levels of radiated heat...
Image
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 14 Brittle fracture of an aluminum forging. The radiating fracture ridges fan out from the fracture origins, which are several small, closely spaced fatigue zones. These zones are planar, arc shaped, and located at the surface of the part. More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005717
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... radiation. These arcs generate sufficient UV to quickly cause first-degree skin burns. All exposed skin should be covered to prevent burns. Clothing should be dark colored, loose fitting, tightly woven, and fire retardant. Light can pass through light-colored clothing and burn the skin. In open areas...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005572
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... equipment advancements are reducing these limitations. Operator acceptance can be reduced by the higher GMAW gun weight relative to SMAW and greater radiated arc light intensity compared with SMAW, FCAW, or SAW. Principles of Operation A common GMAW process configuration is shown in Fig. 1...
Image
Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 4 Basic geometry of the single-angle technique for x-ray diffraction residual-stress measurement. β, angle of inclination of the instrument; 0, point at which a cone of diffracted radiation originates; 1 and 2, points of the diffracting crystals; S 1 and S 2 , the arc lengths along More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006545
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... to 20% of the total energy is lost to radiation, a significant portion of which is emitted as ultraviolet light and can be a hazard to operators or observers ( Ref 8 ). There are various strategies to employ arcs for welding in AM. In one embodiment, the substrate (or metal part that is being...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001485
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... electrodes should be removed from torches when work is interrupted. Personal Protective Equipment and Clothing A No. 12 shade-filter lens should be used for eye protection against arc radiation. When conducting heavy metal-removal operations with large electrodes, a No. 14 shade-filter lens...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001336
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
.... However, this increased energy is generally lost through radiation to the environment surrounding the weld and does not effectively supply additional heat to the workpieces. Mechanized welding generally utilizes rather short arc lengths (2 to 3 mm, or 0.08 to 0.12 in.), whereas manual welding uses...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005600
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... be capable of the maximum wire feed speed and current rating for the desired HLAW application. Because of the high average current used in HLAW, considerable heat is generated in the GMAW torch. In addition to the heat produced by the arc, the GMAW torch receives additional heat radiated by the laser process...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001760
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... by a cylindrical film surrounding the sample. These arcs would normally be continuous, but because of the highly parallel and monochromatic incident radiation, only selected grains are oriented for reflection. Fig. 22 Double crystal diffractometer for polycrystalline samples. Source: Ref 40 , 41...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006920
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... to natural sunlight. Because the most critical photons are at the lower wavelengths, materials with low sensitivities to longer wavelengths can be tested with this technology. Some technologies and test methods use radiation sources such as xenon arc lamps with so-called extended-UV filters...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001481
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... ): Kinetic energy of the electrons that constitute the arc current Heat of condensation of the electrons (work function) penetrating the solid work surface Radiation from the arc Thermal conduction from the arc plasma to the workpiece The first two mechanisms constitute the major source...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005176
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... designed for this type of operation. Using a water shield, rather than a gas shield, is less expensive. The water shield helps to significantly reduce the level of noise, arc radiation, and fume generated from the plasma cutting operation. It also results in reduced top-edge rounding and fumes, and a clean...