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Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003836
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... Abstract This article illustrates the three techniques for producing glassy metals, namely, liquid phase quenching, atomic or molecular deposition, and external action technique. Devitrification of an amorphous alloy can proceed by several routes, including primary crystallization, eutectoid...
Abstract
This article illustrates the three techniques for producing glassy metals, namely, liquid phase quenching, atomic or molecular deposition, and external action technique. Devitrification of an amorphous alloy can proceed by several routes, including primary crystallization, eutectoid crystallization, and polymorphous crystallization. The article demonstrates a free-energy versus composition diagram that summarizes many of the devitrification routes. It provides a historical review of the corrosion behavior of fully amorphous and partially devitrified metallic glasses. The article describes the general corrosion behavior and localized corrosion behavior of transition metal-metal binary alloys, transition metal-metalloid alloys, and amorphous simple metal-transition metal-rare earth metal alloys. It concludes with a discussion on the environmentally induced fracture of glassy alloys, including hydrogen embrittlement and stress-corrosion cracking.
Image
The pair distribution function ( W ), of several pure amorphous metals prep...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1990
Fig. 12 The pair distribution function ( W ), of several pure amorphous metals prepared by vapor deposition onto a cryogenically cooled substrate. Notice the similarity with the pair correlation function of Bernal shown in Fig. 10 . Source: Ref 32 , 33
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Image
Preparation of metallic glass (amorphous metal) strip. (a) Schematic of the...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 1998
Fig. 8 Preparation of metallic glass (amorphous metal) strip. (a) Schematic of the planar-flow casting method. The arrow indicates the direction of the material flow, which is identical to the direction of the chill wheel rotation. (b) Sheet of metallic glass prepared by the planar-flow
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001095
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Abstract Metallic glasses can be prepared by solidification of liquid alloys at cooling rates sufficient to suppress the nucleation and growth of competing crystalline phases. This article presents a historical survey of the study of metallic glasses and other amorphous metals and alloys...
Abstract
Metallic glasses can be prepared by solidification of liquid alloys at cooling rates sufficient to suppress the nucleation and growth of competing crystalline phases. This article presents a historical survey of the study of metallic glasses and other amorphous metals and alloys. This includes a discussion of synthesis and processing methods, structure and morphology, and a description of the electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic, chemical, and mechanical properties of metallic glasses. In addition, the article describes the development of metallic glasses as materials for technical applications.
Book Chapter
Selection Criteria for Brazing and Soldering Consumables
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001450
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... of such alloys into ductile, thin, amorphous alloy foil forms when rapid solidification (RS) technology is used. In many cases, a foil filler metal produced by the RS process is very well suited for use in brazing applications. The advantageous utilization of microcrystalline/amorphous RS soldering or brazing...
Abstract
This article focuses on the various criteria considered in the selection of product forms, joint types, solders, and filler metals for brazing and soldering of base material components.
Book Chapter
Magnetically Soft Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003153
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
...-purity iron, low-carbon irons, silicon (electrical) steels, nickel-iron alloys, iron-cobalt alloys, ferritic stainless steels, amorphous metals, and ferrites (ceramics). Finally, the article provides a short note on alloys for magnetic temperature compensation. amorphous metals ferrites ferritic...
Abstract
This article discusses the ferromagnetic properties of soft magnetic materials, explaining the effects of impurities, alloying elements, heat treatment, grain size, and grain orientation on soft magnetic materials. It describes the types of soft magnetic materials, which include high-purity iron, low-carbon irons, silicon (electrical) steels, nickel-iron alloys, iron-cobalt alloys, ferritic stainless steels, amorphous metals, and ferrites (ceramics). Finally, the article provides a short note on alloys for magnetic temperature compensation.
Image
Characteristic EELS edge shapes for amorphous carbon and carbon in a metal ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1986
Image
Saturation induction and relative permeability versus coercivity for commer...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 1998
Fig. 9 Saturation induction and relative permeability versus coercivity for commercial available amorphous metals (AM) and crystalline soft ferromagnets. Permeabilities for amorphous metal depend on heat treatments and are indicated by shaded bars.
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Book Chapter
Introduction to Corrosion of Nonferrous Metals and Specialty Products
Available to PurchaseBook: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003814
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... easily be categorized by elemental base. These include electroplated hard chromium, thermal spray coatings, clad metals, powder metallurgy materials, amorphous metals, intermetallics, cemented carbides, metal-matrix composites, and joints. Copper The most widely used nonferrous materials are those...
Abstract
Nonferrous metals and alloys are widely used to resist corrosion. This article describes the corrosion behavior of the most widely used nonferrous metals, such as aluminum, copper, nickel, and titanium. It also provides information on several specialty nonferrous products that cannot easily be categorized by elemental base.
Image
Micrographs illustrating effect of laser treatment on metallic glass: (a) m...
Available to PurchasePublished: 31 December 2017
Fig. 24 Micrographs illustrating effect of laser treatment on metallic glass: (a) metallic glass composite coating, (b) amorphous layer, (c) nanocrystalline + amorphous layer, (d) microcrystalline + amorphous layer, and (e) nanocrystalline + amorphous layer. Source: Ref 131
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001468
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article discusses the material combinations, design details, and fabrication processes considered in the adhesive bonding or melt-fuse interface (amorphous bond) bonding method of joining resin-matrix composites to metals. adhesive bonding bolted joints bonded joints...
Abstract
This article discusses the material combinations, design details, and fabrication processes considered in the adhesive bonding or melt-fuse interface (amorphous bond) bonding method of joining resin-matrix composites to metals.
Image
Various parts that use metallic glasses. Most prominently featured are two ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1990
Fig. 18 Various parts that use metallic glasses. Most prominently featured are two spools of as-cast amorphous alloy for high-frequency and antitheft applications. Also shown (right side) are four wound magnetic cores made from amorphous alloy ribbon. Several high-frequency epoxy-encapsulated
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003589
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... and oxides. Oxide Texture Amorphous Oxides In the very early stages of oxidation and especially at low and intermediate temperatures ( T < T T ), some oxides appear to grow with an amorphous structure. In general, the oxides in which the molar ratio of oxygen to metal is higher than one form...
Abstract
This article describes the Schottky defect and the Frenkel defect in oxides. It provides information on the p-type metal-deficit oxides and n-type semiconductor oxides. The article discusses diffusion mechanisms and laws of diffusion proposed by Fick. It explains the oxide texture of amorphous and epitaxy oxide layers and presents equations for various oxidation reaction rates. The article reviews different theories to describe the oxidation mechanism. These include the Cabrera-Mott, Hauffe-IIschner, Grimley-Trapnell, Uhlig, and Wagner theories.
Book Chapter
Laser Surface Engineering for Tribology
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
..., heat treatment, and laser-assisted coatings technologies (laser-assisted synthesis of in-situ interstitial, metallic alloy coatings, ceramic coatings, and thin films). Coverage also includes novel coatings such as high entropy alloy coatings and amorphous metallic coatings, as well as laser-based...
Abstract
Lasers evolved as a versatile materials processing tool due to their advantages such as rapid, reproducible processing, chemical cleanliness, ability to handle variety of materials, and suitability for automation. This article focuses on state-of-the-art laser applications to improve tribological performance of structural materials in lubricated and nonlubricated environments. It discusses the fundamentals of various laser materials interactions and reviews laser-based surface-modification strategies, including laser surface heating and melting, laser-synthesized coatings, and laser-based design approaches such as laser patterning and dimpling. Laser-surface modification of novel materials, such as high-entropy alloys and metallic glasses, is explored. The article provides an overview of hybrid techniques involving laser as a secondary tool, as well as a discussion on the improved capabilities of laser surface engineering for tribological applications by means of integrated computational process modeling.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0009239
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... and 1000 °F) in a salt media exhibited only slight degradation of the mechanical properties of the joints but no visible corrosion attack of the filler metal or the brazed joints ( Ref 13 ). Amorphous foils of BTi-5, TiBraze590, and TiBraze800 ( Table 7 ) exposed for 1000 h in 5% salt fog according to ASTM...
Abstract
This article discusses the effects of brazing temperature and thermal treatment on structure and mechanical behavior of different classes of titanium base metals such as commercially pure (CP) titanium, alpha or near-alpha alloys, alpha-beta alloys, and beta alloys. The classification, properties, and potential heat treatment of titanium base alloys are presented in tables. The article provides information on brazed joints of titanium with carbon steels, as well as ceramics and graphite. It discusses the risks involved in titanium brazing, including erosion of base metal, brittle intermetallics, and low ductility. The article reviews induction and torch brazing, infrared brazing, diffusion brazing, and brazing by heating with ion bombardment. It concludes by describing the design criteria and limitations of brazing.
Book Chapter
Nuclear Industry Applications for Thermal Spray
Available to PurchaseBook: Thermal Spray Technology
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005711
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... applied to metallic structural components by thermal spray may provide the required corrosion resistance at a cost savings over competing technologies. Thermal spray coatings of Al 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 , and MgAl 2 O 4 have been investigated for this application. Amorphous metals containing boron...
Abstract
Nuclear power plants benefit from thermal spray coatings for corrosion and erosion minimization and dimensional restoration of worn parts. This article provides a detailed discussion on the advantages of thermal spray coatings, fission reactor component coatings, and coatings for nuclear fuel processing before and after irradiation for power plant applications. Nuclear fusion research is divided into two primary fields of study categorized by the method for confining the fusion fuel: magnetic confinement fusion and inertial confinement fusion.
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005226
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... on metastable phase diagrams is important here. Formation of Noncrystalline Phases Quasi-crystalline and/or amorphous (metallic glass) states may be achieved for special compositions. The entire microstructure may be noncrystalline, or the noncrystalline phase may be a secondary phase in combination...
Abstract
Rapid solidification is a tool for modifying the microstructure of alloys that are obtained by ordinary casting. This article describes the fundamentals of the four microstructural changes, namely, microsegregation, identity of the primary phase, identity of the secondary phase, and the formation of noncrystalline phases. It considers three factors to understand the fundamentals of these changes: heat flow, thermodynamic constraints/conditions at the liquid-solid interfaces, and diffusional kinetics/microsegregation. These factors are described in detail.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006360
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... friction, low hardness, moisture sensitivity 160–200 320–390 1–4 39–158 10–14 1.5–2.0 100–200 14.5–29.0 0.1–0.3 a-C:Me (Me = W, Ti,…) Metal containing amorphous carbon film Primarily sp 2 coordinated “graphitelike” carbon, but containing metal or metal carbides Low friction, moderate...
Abstract
This article describes two variations of carbon-base coatings: diamondlike carbon (DLC) coatings and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) coatings. It discusses the basics of a few deposition methods as they apply to industrially relevant coatings. The methods include deposition of tungsten-containing hydrogenated amorphous carbon films, deposition of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films, and deposition of silicon-incorporated hydrogenated amorphous carbon films. The most common deposition technologies for diamond films are also discussed. The article provides information on surface preparation for DLC and diamond deposition. It also provides a discussion on the coating composition and structure, mechanical and tribological properties, and applications of DLC and diamond coatings. The quality control techniques for DLC and diamond coatings are specified to meet customer requirements and ensure repeatable quality.
Image
Microstructure of brazed joint of CP titanium with copper made using TiBraz...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1993
Fig. 11 Microstructure of brazed joint of CP titanium with copper made using TiBraze590 amorphous foil as a filler metal. Original magnification: 100×
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Image
Microstructure of brazed joint of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with stainless steel 304 ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1993
Fig. 15 Microstructure of brazed joint of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with stainless steel 304 made using TiBraze200 amorphous foil as a filler metal. Original magnification: 100×
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