Alloy 2519 is an Al-Cu alloy that was developed as a higher strength weldable alloy for armor plate. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy of alloy 2519 and processing effects on mechanical properties of 2519-T87 plate.

This article illustrates the relationships among commonly used 2xxx series alloys. It contains tables that list values for composition limits of aluminum-lithium alloys, and aerospace alloys and their temper conditions according to primary design requirements.

Non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys constitute a group of alloys that rely solely upon cold work and solid solution strengthening for their strength properties. This article focuses on the weldability and weld properties of different classes on non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys.

Aluminum alloys, particularly the heat-treatable alloys, are sensitive to weld cracking. Anticipation of these characteristics and general knowledge of these materials assist in selection of suitable method for welding heat-treatable aluminum alloys. This article provides a general description of the metallurgy, characteristics, and applications of heat-treatable aluminum alloys and a detailed discussion on the characteristics of heat-treatable aluminum alloys, their resulting impact on the weld quality and property, along with the methods of avoiding or reducing the impacts. The impact created in the weld quality includes crack sensitivity, liquation cracking, porosity, and heat-affected zone degradation. The article provides an overview of filler alloy selection for reducing weld crack sensitivity and increasing weld strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance in the welds of heat-treatable aluminum alloys.

The overarching goal of life-prediction research is to develop models for the various types of time dependencies in the crack-tip damage accumulation that occur in materials subjected to elevated temperatures. This article focuses on describing the models based on creep, oxidation kinetics, evolution of crack-tip stress fields due to creep, oxygen ingress, and change in the microstructure. It also provides a summary of creep-fatigue modeling approaches.

This article is a comprehensive collection of tables and curves that present data on the properties of aluminum castings. Data are presented to explain the physical properties such as ratings of castability, corrosion resistance, machinablity, and weldability for aluminum casting alloys. The article discusses the typical mechanical properties and mechanical-property limits for aluminum sand casting alloys, permanent mold casting and die casting alloys based on tests of separately cast specimens; and typical mechanical properties of premium-quality aluminum alloy castings and elevated-temperature aluminum casting alloys. It provides a list of the creep-rupture properties and fatigue strengths of separately sand cast test bars of alloy 201.0, alloy C355.0-T61, alloy A356.0-T61, and alloy 354.0-T61.

Aluminum-lithium alloys have been developed primarily to reduce the weight of aircraft and aerospace structures. This article commences with a discussion on the physical metallurgy and development of aluminum-lithium alloys. It focuses on major commercial aluminum-lithium alloys, including alloy 2090, alloy 2091, alloy 8090, alloy CP276, and Weldalite 049. The article also lists the chemical compositions, physical properties, fabrication characteristics, corrosion performance, and general applications of these alloys. A comparison of alloy properties is represented graphically.

This article contains tables that list typical room-temperature physical properties of wrought aluminum alloys in engineering units and metric units.

More than 450 alloy designations/compositions have been registered by the Aluminum Association (AA) Inc. for aluminum and aluminum alloys. This article contains tables that list the designations and composition limits of wrought unalloyed aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys, and designations and composition limits for aluminum alloys in the form of castings and ingot. It provides helpful information on the Unified Numbering System (UNS) numbers and its corresponding AA numbers for aluminum and aluminum alloys, and the international alloy designations cross-referenced to its equivalent compositions of wrought AA alloys.

This article summarizes the characteristics, material properties, and typical applications of aluminum alloy wrought products. It describes the most widely used worldwide alloy designation system and discusses five major categories, namely flat-rolled products; rod, bar, and wire; tubular products; shapes; and forgings. The article also discusses three widely used indexes to define the fracture resistance of aluminum alloys: notch toughness, tear resistance, and plane-strain fracture toughness. It also describes three types of corrosion attack of these alloys: general or atmospheric surface corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, and exfoliation attack.

This article contains a table that lists the values of nominal compositions and composition limits of wrought aluminum alloys.

This article is a compilation of color etchants that have been developed for a limited number of metals and alloys. It describes the optical methods for producing color, such as polarized light and differential interference contrast, with illustrations. The article discusses film formation and interference techniques such as anodizing, chemical etching, and tint etching. It provides a description of reagents that deposit sulfide films and molybdate films. The article concludes with a discussion on the thermal and vapor deposition methods to produce color.

Aluminum casting alloys are the most versatile of all common foundry alloys and generally have the highest castability ratings. This article discusses the designation and classification of aluminum casting alloys based on their composition and the factors influencing alloy selection. Alloys discussed include rotor alloys, commercial duralumin alloys, premium casting alloys, piston and elevated-temperature alloys, general-purpose alloys, magnesium alloys, aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloys, and bearing alloys. Six basic types of aluminum alloys developed for casting include aluminum-copper, aluminum-copper-silicon, aluminum-silicon, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-zinc-magnesium, and aluminum-tin. The article also describes the main casting processes for aluminum alloys, which include die casting, permanent mold casting, sand casting (green sand and dry sand), plaster casting, and investment casting. In addition, the article discusses factors affecting the mechanical and physical properties, microstructural features that affect mechanical properties, the effects of alloying, and major applications of aluminum casting alloys.

Weldability is a function of three major factors: base material quality, welding process, and design. This article focuses on base-metal weldability of aluminum alloys in terms of mechanical property degradation in both the weld region and heat-affected zone, weld porosity, and susceptibility to solidification cracking and liquation cracking. It provides an overview on welding processes, including gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, resistance spot and seam welding, laser beam welding, and various solid-state welding processes. A review on joint design is also included, mainly in the general factors associated with service weldability (fitness). The article also provides a discussion on the selection and weldability of non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys, heat treatable aluminum alloys, aluminum-lithium alloys, and aluminum metal-matrix composites.

This article describes the concepts for characterizing and predicting elevated-temperature crack growth in structural materials. It discusses both creep and creep-fatigue crack growth and focuses mainly on creep crack growth tests that are carried out in accordance with ASTM E 1457. The article provides information on typical test procedures and equipment used for these tests. It concludes with information on crack growth correlations.

The development of aluminum alloys has progressed along two tracks: heat treatable and non-heat treatable. The Aluminum Association alloy composition limits and product temper are defined for major alloying elements. This article summarizes the historical evolution of the different series of wrought aluminum alloys (1xxx to 8xxx) and discusses their applications based on the alloying system introduced by the Aluminum Association.

Aluminum casting alloys are among the most versatile of all common foundry alloys and generally have high castability ratings. This article provides an overview of the common methods of aluminum shape casting. It discusses the designations of aluminum casting alloys categorized by the Aluminum Association designation system. The article summarizes the basic composition groupings of aluminum casting alloy and discusses the effects of specific alloying elements and impurities. The characteristics of the important casting processes are summarized and compared in a table. The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of green sand casting, permanent mold casting, semipermanent mold casting, and high-pressure die casting. A discussion on other casting processes, such as investment casting, lost foam, plaster mold casting, pressure casting, centrifugal casting, and semisolid casting, is also included.

This article provides a brief account of glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) for direct determination of trace elements in solid samples and for fast depth profiling in a great variety of innovative materials. It begins by describing the general principles of GDMS. This is followed by a discussion on the various components of a GDMS system as well as commercial GDMS instruments. A description of processes involved in specimen preparation and cleaning in GDMS is then presented. Various problems pertinent to multielemental calibrations in GDMS are discussed along with measures to overcome them. The article further provides information on the processes involved in the analytical setup of parameters in GDMS, covering the steps involved in the analysis of GDMS data. It ends with a section on the application and interpretation of GDMS in the metals industry.

This article focuses on the monolithic form of nonferrous alloys, including aluminum, copper, nickel, cobalt, titanium, zinc, magnesium, and beryllium alloys. Each metal and alloy offers unique combinations of useful physical, chemical, and structural properties that are made available by its particular composition and the proper choice of processing method. The article describes the composition, designation system, properties, and processing method of these metals and alloys. It discusses the effect of alloying elements in these alloys. The article explains microstructure/property relationships that are used to make specific properties available to the designers of structural applications. It provides examples of phase diagrams that illustrate eutectic and peritectic reactions.

This article begins with a discussion on the effects of alloying and impurity elements on the properties of aluminum cast alloys and their chemical compositions. It describes the various means of structural control, namely, chemistry control, control of element ratios based on the stoichiometry of intermetallic phases, and control of solidification conditions. The article discusses the modification and grain refinement of aluminum-silicon alloys by the use of modifiers and refiners to influence eutectic and hypereutectic structures in aluminum-silicon alloys. It provides information on foundry alloys for specific casting applications. The article concludes with a discussion on the heat treatment practices and properties of aluminum casting alloys.