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Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 42 Fracture surface of an alpha titanium alloy showing regions of cleavage facets interspersed with minute regions of fatigue striations that are visible only at high magnification. (a) All the features consist of cleavage facets with highly developed river patterns of cleavage steps. SEM More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006253
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract This article introduces the different types, distinctions, and grades of commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys. It describes three types of alloying elements: alpha stabilizers, beta stabilizers, and neutral additions. The article discusses the basic categories of titanium...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006270
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract The response of titanium and titanium alloys to heat treatment depends on the composition of the metal, the effects of the alloying elements on the alpha-beta crystal transformation, and the thermomechanical processing utilized during processing of the alloy. This article provides...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article provides a discussion on filler metal selection, brazing procedures, and brazing equipment for brazing refractory metals. These include molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, and tantalum, and reactive metals. Commercially pure and alpha titanium alloys, alpha-beta alloys...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001440
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Commercially pure titanium and most titanium alloys can be welded by procedures and equipment used in welding austenitic stainless steel and aluminum. This article describes weldability of unalloyed titanium and all alpha titanium alloys. It reviews the selection of fusion-welding...
Image
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 23 Curves depicting stress versus cycles to failure ( R = –1) for Ti-1100 near-alpha titanium alloy. (a) Full lamellar microstructures showing range of effects of prior-beta grain sizes. (b) Duplex microstructures showing range of effects of primary alpha content More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001416
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article focuses on the physical metallurgy and weldability of four families of titanium-base alloys, namely, near-alpha alloy, alpha-beta alloy, near-beta, or metastable-beta alloy, and titanium based intermetallics that include alpha-2, gamma, and orthorhombic systems...
Image
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 2 Basic types of titanium alloying elements. (a) Alpha stabilizers (such as solute addition of aluminum, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, or gallium), where the dotted phase boundaries refer specifically to the titanium-aluminum system. (b) Isomorphous beta stabilizers (such as solute additions More
Image
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 21 Microstructure of forge titanium alpha-beta alloy (Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo) with varying amounts of primary alpha and secondary acicular alpha in matrix of beta that transformed by aging (dark). (a) Solution treated 2 h at 870 °C (1600 °F), water quenched, aged 8 h at 595 °C (1100 °F More
Image
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 1 Effect of alloying elements on titanium microstructure. (a) Alpha stabilizer (for example, aluminum and oxygen). (b) Beta stabilizer (for example, vanadium and niobium). (c) Beta stabilizer plus (α + β) strengthener (for example, copper and iron) More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001081
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... and chemical properties, including chemical composition, corrosion resistance, and chemical reactivity. The article discusses the effects of alloying elements in titanium alloys, and describes the classes of titanium alloys, namely, alpha alloys, alpha-beta alloys, and beta alloys. It also describes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005401
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... the phase equilibria, crystallography, and deformation behavior of titanium and titanium alloys. The article describes the modeling and simulation of recrystallization and grain growth of single-phase beta and single-phase alpha titanium. The deformation- and transformation-texture evolution of two-phase...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004003
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... and titanium alloys. The TMP techniques include retained-strain processing, dual-microstructure processing, and dual-alloy processing. The article also describes the TMP of alpha-beta titanium alloys, including fine-grain processing, hybrid-structure processing, dual-microstructure processing, and dual-alloy...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005409
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... Abstract This article focuses on the modeling of microstructure evolution during thermomechanical processing in the two-phase field for alpha/beta and beta titanium alloys. It also discusses the mechanisms of spheroidization, the coarsening, particle growth, and phase decomposition in titanium...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005674
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... with beta stabilizers, titanium alloys may retain some β phase at room temperature. Thus, titanium alloy compositions are classified as near-alpha (α) alloys, beta (β) alloys, or alpha-beta (α + β) alloys. Of the three broad classes of titanium alloys, grouping is according to the levels of alpha or beta...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001415
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article emphasizes the physical metallurgy of titanium and titanium alloys along with their microstructural response to fusion welding condition. The titanium alloys are classified into unalloyed or commercially pure titanium, alpha and near-alpha alloys, alpha-beta alloys...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002409
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... the crack growth behavior of titanium alloys unless these factors are closely controlled. Alloys within a given class, such as alpha-beta alloys, show parallel trends in their fracture toughness and crack propagation behaviors. To the extent that they have been studied, the trends for interstitial effects...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003677
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., or fretting. Titanium alloys can be classified into three primary groups such as titanium alloys with hexagonal close-packed crystallographic structure; beta titanium alloys with body-centered cubic crystallographic structures; and alpha + beta titanium alloys including near-alpha and near-beta titanium...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006286
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... from quenching or other thermal or mechanical processes. It discusses the types and microstructures of titanium alloys, namely, alpha, alpha-beta, and beta alloys, and describes the general effects of the various heat treatments. The article provides information on quenching media, quenching rate...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006283
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract This article provides a detailed discussion on heat treatment of titanium alloys such as alpha alloys, alpha-beta alloys, and beta and near-beta alloys. Common processes include stress-relief, annealing, solution treating, aging, quenching, and age hardening. It provides information...