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in Zirconium and Hafnium
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
Image
Chromium and nickel content in Alloy Casting Institute standard grades of h...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 7 Chromium and nickel content in Alloy Casting Institute standard grades of heat-and corrosion-resistant cast steels. These letters are the second letter in the designation. See text for details.
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Book Chapter
High-Strength Structural and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003100
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... structural low-alloy grades. chemical composition heat treated structural low-alloy grades heat treatment high-strength low-alloy steels high-strength structural carbon steels plate thickness steel products tensile properties THE STEELS discussed in this article are characterized by higher...
Abstract
This article describes the types of steels, including high-strength structural carbon steels and high-strength low-alloy steels (HSLA), available in all standard wrought forms such as sheet, strip, plate, structural shapes, bars, bar-size shapes. It discusses the special sections that are characterized by higher yield strengths than those of plain carbon structural steels. The article tabulates the typical chemical compositions, tensile properties, heat treatment, product sizes, plate thickness and intended uses of high-strength steels. Further, it presents a short note on heat treated structural low-alloy grades.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001411
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article provides information on the base material properties of wrought duplex stainless steels (DSS). These properties include microstructure, alloy grades, mechanical and physical properties, and corrosion resistance. The article reviews the applications and microstructural...
Abstract
This article provides information on the base material properties of wrought duplex stainless steels (DSS). These properties include microstructure, alloy grades, mechanical and physical properties, and corrosion resistance. The article reviews the applications and microstructural development of DSS. It describes the factors influencing welding and weldability of the DSS. These factors include preheating, postweld heat treatment, interpass temperature control, welding practices, welding procedure qualification, filler metal requirements, cracking behavior, and loss of properties. The article examines the applicable welding processes such as fusion welding and solid-state welding processes.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001028
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... severe for carbon grades than for alloy grades of equivalent carbon content. The relatively low hardenability of carbon steels is a primary reason for choosing them in preference to alloy steels for parts that are to be locally heat treated by flame or induction hardening. Fabrication processes...
Abstract
Carbon steels have wider usage than any other metal because of their versatility and low cost. Required hardenability is the most important factor influencing a choice between carbon- and alloy steel. By increasing hardenability, alloying elements extend the potential for enhanced properties to the large sections required for many applications. Alloy steels are ordinarily quench hardened and tempered to the level of strength desired for the application. Distortion during heat treatment may occur with almost any hardenable carbon or alloy steel, although distortion is usually more severe for carbon grades than for alloy grades of equivalent carbon content. The relatively low hardenability of carbon steels is a primary reason for choosing them in preference to alloy steels for parts that are to be locally heat treated by flame or induction hardening. Fabrication processes are performed on hardenable carbon and alloy steels in the unhardened condition, that is, prior to heat treating.
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Center segregation in an alloy steel billet (a) Graded C-1 in the graded se...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 1 Center segregation in an alloy steel billet (a) Graded C-1 in the graded series ( Ref 4 ). 0.625×. (b) Graded C-5 in the graded series ( Ref 4 ). 0.5×. Both samples etched in 50% aqueous HCl. Source: Ref 7 , courtesy of Republic Steel
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Stress-rupture curves for two industrial-grade zirconium alloys. (a) Grade ...
Available to Purchase
in Zirconium and Hafnium
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 9 Stress-rupture curves for two industrial-grade zirconium alloys. (a) Grade 702. (b) Grade 705
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Corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels with high hardness, Co...
Available to Purchase
in Heat Treating of Mold Steels and Corrosion-Resistant Tool Steels
> Heat Treating of Irons and Steels
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 5 Corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels with high hardness, Comparison of nitrogen alloyed grade (M340 = ASIS440Mod) with the standard grade AISI 440C. Source: Ref 3 , 7
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Book Chapter
H Steels and Steel Selection for Hardenability
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0009237
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... for various alloy grades. steel charts H steels H-band limits hardenability steel selection HARDENABILITY is a term used to designate that property of steel which determines the depth and distribution of hardness induced by quenching from the austenitizing temperature. Whereas the as-quenched...
Abstract
Hardenability is an expression of the propensity of steel to harden when quenched at the austenitizing temperature. It is defined in terms of the depth and distribution of alloying elements present in the steel. This article describes the selection process for steel with an emphasis on hardenability. It explains the significance of H-steels, and how they are guaranteed to meet established hardenability limits for specific temperatures and chemical compositions. The article compares hardenability curves for six series of steel and includes several charts showing composition and H-band limits for various alloy grades.
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Corrosion fatigue crack growth rates for A533B low-alloy steel (ASME grade ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 8 Corrosion fatigue crack growth rates for A533B low-alloy steel (ASME grade SA533B-1, 0.025% S) in 288 °C pure water. Environmental enhancement is not uniform but reaches a maximum under intermediate Δ K , R , and frequency conditions. Source: Ref 8 , 9
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Surfaces of a eutectic bismuth-silver alloy (a) abraded on 600-grade silico...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 29 Surfaces of a eutectic bismuth-silver alloy (a) abraded on 600-grade silicon carbide paper and (b) polished on 3 and 0.05 μm (0.12 and 0.002 mil) aluminum oxide abrasives. Original magnification: 2200×
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Examples of soft and medium-grade alloy extrusions. Courtesy of Extrusions ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 November 2018
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(a) Microstructure of brazed joint of Ti-6Al-4V alloy (titanium grade 5) ma...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1993
Fig. 7 (a) Microstructure of brazed joint of Ti-6Al-4V alloy (titanium grade 5) made using BTi-5 amorphous foil as a filler metal. Original magnification: 500×. (b) Macrostructure with crack propagation in this brazed joint. Original magnification: 100×
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Ignition limits for grade 4 titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy in low-temperature...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2005
Fig. 34 Ignition limits for grade 4 titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy in low-temperature pure oxygen atmospheres. Source: Ref 74 , 132
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Image
Ductile tensile fracture of a high-strength alloy steel (grade 12.9) connec...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2024
Fig. 1 Ductile tensile fracture of a high-strength alloy steel (grade 12.9) connecting rod fastener. (a) Overall image of bolt. (b) Fracture surface
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Image
Typical tensile properties of three industrial-grade zirconium alloys. (a) ...
Available to Purchase
in Zirconium and Hafnium
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 7 Typical tensile properties of three industrial-grade zirconium alloys. (a) Grade 702. (b) Grade 704. (c) Grade 705
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001084
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
..., and the role of oxygen. It concludes by providing useful information on the applications of reactor and industrial grades of zirconium alloys. allotropic transformation anisotropy applications of zirconium alloys cold work fabrication hafnium recrystallization zirconium zirconium alloys...
Abstract
Zirconium, hafnium, and titanium are produced from ore that generally is found in a heavy beach sand containing zircon, rutile, and ilmenite. This article discusses the processing methods of these metals, namely, liquid-liquid separation process, distillation separation process, refining, and melting. It also discusses the primary and secondary fabrication of zirconium and hafnium and its alloys. The article talks about the metallurgy of zirconium and its alloys with emphasis on allotropic transformation, cold work and recrystallization, anisotropy and preferred orientation, and the role of oxygen. It concludes by providing useful information on the applications of reactor and industrial grades of zirconium alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001441
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Zirconium and its alloys are available in two general categories: commercial grade and reactor grade. This article discusses the welding processes that can be used for welding any of the zirconium alloys. These include gas-tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas-metal arc welding (GMAW...
Abstract
Zirconium and its alloys are available in two general categories: commercial grade and reactor grade. This article discusses the welding processes that can be used for welding any of the zirconium alloys. These include gas-tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas-metal arc welding (GMAW), plasma arc welding (PAW), electron-beam welding (EBW), laser-beam welding (LBW), friction welding (FRW), resistance welding (RW), resistance spot welding (RSW), and resistance seam welding (RSEW). The article reviews the selection of shielding gases and filler metals for welding zirconium alloys. It concludes with a discussion on process procedures for welding zirconium alloys.
Image
Comparative corrosion resistances of the standard, tin-modified, and higher...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 September 2015
Fig. 18 Comparative corrosion resistances of the standard, tin-modified, and higher-alloyed grades as a function of their pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN). Source: Ref 19
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Book: Powder Metallurgy
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006067
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... and chromium, with specific grades among them containing additional alloying elements such as nickel, molybdenum, niobium, and silicon. The common attribute of all stainless steels is superior corrosion resistance, which stems from their ability to form an adherent passive film on the surface. Because...
Abstract
Stainless steels are primarily alloys of iron and chromium. They are grouped into five families, primarily based on their microstructure: ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation hardening. Three out of the five families of stainless steels, namely, austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic, are well suited for manufacture via conventional powder metallurgy (PM) processes. This article presents the iron-chromium partial phase diagram to illustrate the changes in the temperature range when pure iron is alloyed with chromium. It describes AISI and UNS numbering systems, which are used as an identification system for stainless steels. The article tabulates the material designations of stainless steels in accordance with the Metal Powder Industries Federation. It also details the characteristics and chemical composition of wrought and PM stainless steels.
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