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alloy 2091
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in Aluminum-Lithium Alloys
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 17 Longitudinal tensile properties of alloys 2091 and 2024 as a function of cold working prior to aging. Aluminum alloy 2024 is naturally aged; aluminum-lithium alloy 2091 is aged to temper T8X.
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
..., including alloy 2090, alloy 2091, alloy 8090, alloy CP276, and Weldalite 049. The article also lists the chemical compositions, physical properties, fabrication characteristics, corrosion performance, and general applications of these alloys. A comparison of alloy properties is represented graphically...
Abstract
Aluminum-lithium alloys have been developed primarily to reduce the weight of aircraft and aerospace structures. This article commences with a discussion on the physical metallurgy and development of aluminum-lithium alloys. It focuses on major commercial aluminum-lithium alloys, including alloy 2090, alloy 2091, alloy 8090, alloy CP276, and Weldalite 049. The article also lists the chemical compositions, physical properties, fabrication characteristics, corrosion performance, and general applications of these alloys. A comparison of alloy properties is represented graphically.
Image
in Aluminum-Lithium Alloys
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 19 Longitudinal fatigue resistance of notched 2091-T6X, 2091-T8X, and 2024-T3 sheet. Alloys 2091-T8X and 2024-T3 were stretched 2% before aging. Stress ratio ( R ), 0.1. K t , theoretical stress concentration factor. T-L notch orientation as defined in Fig. 23
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Image
Published: 30 November 2018
Fig. 15 Aging of aluminum alloy 2024 at room temperature and with refrigeration at −5 °C (23 °F) in comparison with the natural (room-temperature) aging of alloy 2091
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in Aluminum-Lithium Alloys
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 18 Variation in room-temperature ultimate tensile strength and yield strength for aluminum-lithium alloy 2091 after holding at 130 °C (265 °F) at indicated times. Data for aluminum alloys 2024 and 7010 are included for comparison.
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in Aluminum-Lithium Alloys
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 20 Natural aging of 2091 and 2024 aluminum alloys. Aging done at room temperature (22 °C, or 71 °F) except where indicated
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001420
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... strengths than other aluminum-lithium alloys ( Table 2 ). At lower copper/magnesium ratios, the S ′ phase is favored, and lower strengths are achieved (e.g., alloys 8090 and 2091). In the absence of copper, the δ′ phase becomes predominant, resulting in even lower strength (e.g., Soviet alloy 01420...
Image
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 39 Fractography and crack-path morphology for the longitudinal-transverse (crack-divider) orientation, typical of alloys that show a fracture-mode transition between ambient and liquid nitrogen temperatures (2091-T8X, 8090-T351, 8091-T351), showing (a–c) ductile microvoid coalescence
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006594
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... registered Density, g/cm 3 (lb/in. 3 ) Low Cu, high Mg, high Li alloys 8090 1.0–1.6 0.6–1.3 2.2–2.7 Traditional, 1984 2.54 (0.092) 8091 1.6–2.2 0.50–1.2 2.4–2.8 Obsolete Medium Cu, high Mg, medium Li (1 obsolete alloy) 2091 1.8–2.5 1.1–1.9 1.9–2.6 Obsolete...
Image
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 40 Fractography and crack-path morphology for the longitudinal-transverse (crack-divider) orientation, typical of alloys that show no fracture-mode transition between ambient and liquid nitrogen temperatures (2090-T8E41, 2091-T351, 8090-T8X, 8091-T8X), showing transgranular shear fracture
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006531
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
..., cold worked a controlled specific amount, and artificially aged (applies to 6063 drawn tube) T841 Solution heat treated, cold worked, and artificially underaged (sheet and strip in alloys 2091 and 8090) T84151 Solution heat treated, stress relieved by stretching with a permanent set of 1.5–3...
Book: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007026
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Abstract This article aims to summarize the work on cryogenic strength and toughness and to present the fractography of aluminum alloys. It presents case studies on the importance of understanding the fractography of aluminum alloys and the role of microstructure in the appearance...
Abstract
This article aims to summarize the work on cryogenic strength and toughness and to present the fractography of aluminum alloys. It presents case studies on the importance of understanding the fractography of aluminum alloys and the role of microstructure in the appearance of fractographic features, with variables comprised of in-plane/through-thickness anisotropy, test temperature, heat treatment condition, and the effect of welding.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006285
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
...) T832 Solution heat treated, cold worked a controlled specific amount, and artificially aged (applies to 6063 drawn tube) T841 Solution heat treated, cold worked, and artificially underaged (sheet and strip in alloys 2091 and 8090) T84151 Solution heat treated, stress relieved by stretching...
Abstract
Annealing is an essential treatment in the fabrication of metal parts and semiproducts. This article discusses the processes involved in annealing, namely, recovery, recrystallization, and grain coarsening. It lists the heat treatment conditions of processed aluminum alloys. It provides information on the types of heat treatment, which include preheating, full anneal, stabilization, and stoving. The article describes the steps involved for achieving the age-hardening effect and the strongest hardening effect in aluminum. The steps to increase the strength of aluminum alloys by extremely fine, dispersed second-phase particles are: solution heat treatment, quenching, and age hardening. Finally, the article also discusses the process parameters of annealing, including the effect of strain, effect of temperature, effect of heating rate, and the effect of alloy elements, and the effect of annealing on anisotropy.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006503
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Table 5 Precipitation in lithium-bearing aluminum alloys Precipitate Stoichiometry Crystal structure (a) Alloys δ AlLi B32 (cubic) 01420, 01421, 01430, 01440, 01450, 01460, 2090, 2091, 2094, 2095, 2195, 8090, 8091 δ′ Al 3 Li L12 (ordered fcc) θ′ Al 2 Cu Tetragonal 01450...
Abstract
This article provides a thorough review of the physical metallurgy of aluminum alloys and its role in determining the properties and from a design and manufacturing perspective. And its role in include the effects of composition, mechanical working, and/or heat treatment on structure and properties. This article focuses on the effects of alloying and the metallurgical factors on phase constituents, structure, and properties of aluminum alloys. Effects from different combinations of alloying elements are described in terms of relevant alloy phase diagrams. The article addresses the underlying alloying and structural aspects that affect the properties and possible processing routes of aluminum alloys. It provides information on the heat treatment effects on the physical properties of aluminum alloys and the microstructural effects on the fatigue and fracture of aluminum alloys. The important alloying elements and impurities are listed alphabetically as a concise review of major effects.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003371
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... (such as 8090 and 2091) with higher lithium contents to maximize density reduction. The quaternary alloys based on Al-Li-Cu-Mg (such as 8090) are the most common, due to a good combination of strength, ductility, and toughness. The Al-Li-Cu-Mg alloys are strengthened by three types of precipitates: δ′ (Al 3 Li...
Abstract
Metallic matrices are essential constituents for the fabrication of metal-matrix composites (MMCs). This article describes three different classes of aluminum alloys, namely, commercial aluminum alloys, low-density and high-modulus alloys, and high temperature alloys. It presents typical tensile properties and fracture toughness of the selected heat treatable aluminum alloys in a table. Titanium alloys are very attractive for MMC applications, due to their higher strength and temperature capability compared to aluminum alloys. The article tabulates the effect of heat treatment on room-temperature properties and tensile properties of Ti-25Al-17Nb alloy sheet.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006510
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract Weldability is a function of three major factors: base material quality, welding process, and design. This article focuses on base-metal weldability of aluminum alloys in terms of mechanical property degradation in both the weld region and heat-affected zone, weld porosity...
Abstract
Weldability is a function of three major factors: base material quality, welding process, and design. This article focuses on base-metal weldability of aluminum alloys in terms of mechanical property degradation in both the weld region and heat-affected zone, weld porosity, and susceptibility to solidification cracking and liquation cracking. It provides an overview on welding processes, including gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, resistance spot and seam welding, laser beam welding, and various solid-state welding processes. A review on joint design is also included, mainly in the general factors associated with service weldability (fitness). The article also provides a discussion on the selection and weldability of non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys, heat treatable aluminum alloys, aluminum-lithium alloys, and aluminum metal-matrix composites.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006598
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... Abstract This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, mill product specifications, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties, and applications of high-strength aerospace alloys 2024 and Alclad 2024. It contains tables that list values of tensile property limits...
Abstract
This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, mill product specifications, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties, and applications of high-strength aerospace alloys 2024 and Alclad 2024. It contains tables that list values of tensile property limits for 2024 sheet, plate, and round product forms. Figures illustrate the effect of stretching and aging on toughness of the 2024 sheet and the effect of temperature on tensile properties of 1.0 mm thick Alclad 2024-T3 sheet.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002379
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... extensively in aerospace and other medium- to high-strength structural applications. Typical examples are alloys 2024, 2124, 6061, 7075, 7150, 7475, 8090, and 2091. Due to complex chemistry, precipitation, and intermetallic compound formation in aluminum alloys, control of the size and distribution of age...
Abstract
Fracture mechanics is a multidisciplinary engineering topic that has foundations in both mechanics and materials science. This article summarizes the microstructural aspect of fracture resistance in structural materials. It provides a discussion on basic fracture principles and schematically illustrates the mechanism of crack propagation. The article describes the fracture resistance of high-strength steels, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, and composites such as brittle matrix-ductile phase composites and metal-matrix composites. It also lists the effects of microstructural variables on fracture toughness of steels, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006516
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
...) The quaternary alloys are classified into several subgroups: Low-copper, high-magnesium, and high-lithium alloys with δ′, T 1 , and S′ precipitates (e.g., 8090, 8091, and 01440) Medium-copper, high-magnesium, and medium-lithium alloys with δ′, T 1 , and S′ precipitates (e.g., 2091 and 01430) Medium...
Abstract
The development of aluminum alloys has progressed along two tracks: heat treatable and non-heat treatable. The Aluminum Association alloy composition limits and product temper are defined for major alloying elements. This article summarizes the historical evolution of the different series of wrought aluminum alloys (1xxx to 8xxx) and discusses their applications based on the alloying system introduced by the Aluminum Association.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006287
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... and cast aluminum alloys Alloy Observed constituent phases 1350 Al 12 Fe 3 Si, Al 6 Fe 2014 Al 4 CuMgSi 4 , Al 12 (Fe,Mn) 3 Si 2 x 24 Al 7 Cu 2 Fe, Al 12 (Fe,Mn) 3 Si, Al 2 CuMg, Al 2 Cu, Al 6 (Fe,Cu) 2 x 19 Al 7 Cu 2 Fe, Al 12 (Fe, Mn) 3 Si, Al 2 Cu 2090 Al 7 Cu 2 Fe 2091...
Abstract
This article describes the general categories and metallurgy of heat treatable aluminum alloys. It briefly reviews the key impurities and each of the principal alloying elements in aluminum alloys, namely, copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, zinc, iron, lithium, titanium, boron, zirconium, chromium, vanadium, scandium, nickel, tin, and bismuth. The article discusses the secondary phases in aluminum alloys, namely, nonmetallic inclusions, porosity, primary particles, constituent particles, dispersoids, precipitates, grain and dislocation structure, and crystallographic texture. It also discusses the mechanisms used for strengthening aluminum alloys, including solid-solution hardening, grain-size strengthening, work or strain hardening, and precipitation hardening. The process of precipitation hardening involves solution heat treatment, quenching, and subsequent aging of the as-quenched supersaturated solid solution. The article briefly discusses these processes of precipitation hardening. It also reviews precipitation in various alloy systems, including 2xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx, aluminum-lithium, and Al-Mg-Li systems.
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