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Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 1 Cathode current efficiency of alkaline noncyanide zinc baths as related to zinc metal contents. NaOH, 80 g/L (11 oz/gal); Na 2 CO 3 , 15 g/L (2 oz/gal) More
Book Chapter

By A. Sato
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001248
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract Commercial zinc plating is accomplished by a number of distinctively different systems: cyanide baths, alkaline noncyanide baths, and acid chloride baths. This article focuses on the composition, advantages, disadvantages, operating parameters, and applications of each of the baths...
Book Chapter

By L.M. Weisenberger, B.J. Durkin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001242
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article provides a detailed account of the various alkaline and acid plating baths used for electrolytic copper plating. Dilute cyanide and Rochelle cyanide baths, high-efficiency sodium and potassium cyanide baths, alkaline noncyanide copper plating baths, and alkaline copper...
Book Chapter

By Jon Dossett
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005778
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract This article describes the uses of the liquid carburizing process carried out in low and high temperature cyanide-containing baths, and details the noncyanide liquid carburizing process which can be accomplished in a bath containing a special grade of carbon. It presents a simple...
Book Chapter

By George Pantazopoulos
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005776
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
..., achieves a ratio of 21 to 26% cyanide to 14 to 18% cyanate. The bath used in liquid pressure nitriding operates with a cyanide content of 30 to 35% and a cyanate content of 15 to 20%. The aerated bath is controlled to a ratio of 50 to 60% cyanide to 32 to 38% cyanate. The aerated noncyanide nitriding...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... for coating iron and steel parts when protection from either atmospheric or indoor corrosion is the primary objective. Plating Baths Commercial zinc plating is accomplished by a number of distinctively different systems: cyanide baths, alkaline noncyanide baths, and acid chloride baths. In the 1970s...
Book Chapter

By Alfred M. Weisberg
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001253
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
.... This price level and the daily variability of its price have required chemists and engineers to severely limit the concentration of gold in the plating solution. Nickel, alkaline copper, and silver are typically plated from solutions that contain 37 g of metal per liter of plating bath. Acid copper is plated...
Book Chapter

By Milton F. Stevenson, Sr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001247
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... useful in the maintenance of cyanide baths are outlined in the section “Chemical Analysis of Cyanide Cadmium Plating Baths” in this article. In recent years, the need for pollution control of cyanide solutions has led to the development of noncyanide cadmium electroplating baths, shown in Table 2...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001261
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract Selective plating, also known as brush plating, differs from traditional tank or bath plating in that the workpiece is not immersed in a plating solution (electrolyte). Instead, the electrolyte is brought to the part and applied by a handheld anode or stylus, which incorporates...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006395
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... at the cathode surface, depositing solid metal onto the cathode. Negatively charged ions (anions) migrate toward the anode, also discharging at the anode surface. A direct current (dc) power source is typically used to apply the electrical potential. The basic electroplating bath for a nickel plating system...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... and reduction of fatigue strength are not dissipated as heat treating temperature approaches stress-relieving temperature. Nonmechanical Cleaning Nonmechanical cleaning methods applicable to cast irons include molten salt bath cleaning, pickling, and chemical cleaning, with the latter method including...
Book Chapter

By B. Mishra
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004218
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... 0.05 0.3 90 5.2×10 −3 Zinc (cyanide) plating bath Zinc 35 0.054 0.35 70 1.1×10 −2 Cyanide (CN) 100 0.054 0.35 70 3.1×10 −2 Zinc (chloride) plating bath Zinc 40 0.043 0.28 95 7.4×10 −3 Zinc (alkaline noncyanide) plating bath Zinc 15 0.023 0.15 75 1.9×10 −3...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001309
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... material may need a bright dip or color dip after pickling. Pickling conditions for copper-base materials Table 1 Pickling conditions for copper-base materials Constituent or condition Amount or value Sulfuric acid bath Sulfuric acid (a) 15–20 vol% 35% hydrogen peroxide 3–5 vol...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003197
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
...) Appearance: white granular mixture Noncyanide Liquid Carburizing Liquid carburizing can be accomplished in a bath containing a special grade of carbon instead of cyanide as the source of carbon. In this bath, carbon particles are dispersed in the molten salt by mechanical agitation, which...
Book Chapter

By W. James Laird, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005929
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Constituent Composition of bath, % Light case, low temperature (845–900 °C, or 1550–1650 °F) Deep case, high temperature (900–955 °C, or 1650–1750 °F) Sodium cyanide 10–23 6–16 Barium chloride … 30–55 (a) Salts of other alkaline earth metals (b) 0–10 0–10 Potassium chloride 0–25 0...
Book Chapter

By J.R. Davis
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001304
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... mill products, forgings, castings and fabricated steel parts are: Abrasive blasting (dry or wet) Tumbling (dry or wet) Brushing Acid pickling Salt bath descaling Alkaline descaling Acid cleaning The most important considerations in selecting one of the above methods...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005784
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
.... The noncyanide baths have the benefit of reduced restrictions for wastewater treatment as well as air scrubbing. These baths can experience the downside risk of reduced throwing power when attempting to attain uniform coverage down a blind hole. Regardless of the bath type, there is an inherent risk that must...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005802
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... on the importance of controlling process variables in martempering, including austenitizing temperature, temperature of the martempering bath, time in the bath, salt contamination, water additions to salt, agitation, and the rate of cooling from the martempering bath. It also describes specific situations in which...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003828
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... be nonprotective. In neutral to alkaline solutions, solid UO 2 should form, which may or may not be protective. Electrochemical data for uranium show that E corr decreases from −0.73 V SCE at pH 0.55 to −1.27 V SCE at pH 9.6 ( Ref 15 ). From E corr alone, it is not clear whether or not the UO 2 formed...
Book

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.9781627081993
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3