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agitation system
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Published: 01 February 2024
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Published: 01 February 2024
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Published: 01 February 2024
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Published: 01 February 2024
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Published: 01 February 2024
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 132 Commercially available quenchant agitation systems. (a) Tensi agitation system, used in ASTM D6482. (b) Drayton agitation system, used in ASTM D6549
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in Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients for Thermal Modeling
> Fundamentals of Modeling for Metals Processing
Published: 01 December 2009
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Published: 01 February 2024
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007006
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... Abstract Agitation is one of the most critical areas of quench system design. This article provides an overview of the impact of agitation on quench uniformity, followed by a general discussion of the selection and use of various types of agitators, including recirculation pumps, jet mixers...
Abstract
Agitation is one of the most critical areas of quench system design. This article provides an overview of the impact of agitation on quench uniformity, followed by a general discussion of the selection and use of various types of agitators, including recirculation pumps, jet mixers, forced air (sparging), and impellers. A brief overview of heat-exchanger types and their selection criteria is also provided, along with simplified calculations for approximating heat-exchange requirements. The methods of selecting a quenchant are provided. Recommendations for system maintenance are also described. Much effort is placed on the proper design of the furnace for temperature and atmosphere uniformity, proper temperature control, and exact carbon potential. However, the design of the quench tank can have a drastic effect on the overall system performance, with proper design ensuring proper mechanical properties (hardness, strength, and fracture toughness) as well as distortion control.
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 117 ivf SmartQuench system for testing and evaluation of quenchants. (a) Computer and software for analysis, and furnace for heating the test probe. (b) Tensi agitation system for evaluating polymer quenchants according to ASTM D6482
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 29 Schematic illustration of the patented Lincoln-Keough dual-impeller molten salt bath agitation system. Source: Ref 44
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 30 Effect of vertical versus horizontal flow on the maximum cooling rate of an aqueous polyalkylene glycol solution. The agitation system is shown in Fig. 29 .
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 37 Correlation of surface residual stress and as-quenched hardness. Data obtained with 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) diameter 0.45% C steel bars quenched with various quenchants, using the agitation system described in Fig. 36 . (a) Relationship between surface residual stress and maximum cooling
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007007
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... of agitators in quench tanks. It also discusses the differing methods for the sizing and selection of agitators for quench tank applications. fluid mixing quench agitators quench tank geometry sizing THE ROLE of a mixer/agitator in quenching applications, as is the case in many agitated systems...
Abstract
The role of a mixer/agitator in quenching applications is to control the mixing environment in order to meet the process criteria. This article provides the basic fundamentals of the sizing of agitators, tank geometry importance, and other considerations for the application of agitators in quench tanks. It also discusses the differing methods for the sizing and selection of agitators for quench tank applications.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006260
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... be controlled by proper racking. It concludes with information on agitation and the quench tank system used in the quenching of aluminum alloys. agitation system aluminum alloys cooling rate immersion water quenching polyalkylene glycol polymer quenchants quench sensitivity quench severity quench...
Abstract
Quenching refers to the rapid cooling of metal from the solution treating temperature, typically between 465 and 565 deg C (870 and 1050 deg F) for aluminum alloys. This article provides an overview on the appropriate quenching process and factors used to determine suitable cooling rate. It describes the quench sensitivity and severity of alloys, quench mechanisms and the different types of quenchants used in immersion, spray, and fog quenching. The article provides a detailed description of the quench-factor analysis that mainly includes residual stress and distortion, which can be controlled by proper racking. It concludes with information on agitation and the quench tank system used in the quenching of aluminum alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005923
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
.... Quench chute designs using impeller-type agitation are shown in Fig. 5 . Quench chute systems using combinations of pumps and impellers are shown in Fig. 6 . Fig. 5 Quench chute designs employing impeller agitation. (a) Single impeller. (b) Dual impeller. (c) Alternative impeller designs...
Abstract
Quenchant agitation can be obtained by circulating quenchant in a quench tank through pumps and impellers. The selection of the agitation method depends on the tank design, type and volume of the quenchant, part design, and the severity of quench required. This article describes flow measurement methods, temperature control, materials handling, and filtration processes during the agitation process. The maintenance of quenching installations is also discussed.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001324
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... losses from the immersion tank(s). Agitation of the fresh and rinse solutions is required. The flow of fresh solution past the part surface aids in cleaning and rinsing. A solution-recirculation system powered by centrifugal pumps is commonly used. The pumps are protected by a strainer and followed...
Abstract
The chemicals that have been used in traditional vapor degreasing have serious health and environmental hazards that have prompted the search for modified and alternative techniques. This article provides a detailed discussion on the regulatory mandates that affect the use of industrial degreasing methods. It describes the aqueous degreasing technique, which forms an attractive alternative to the traditional vapor degreasing process. The article includes information on the materials and equipment used in the process, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of hot and dip tank systems of aqueous degreasing. It explains how to convert an existing vapor degreaser to an aqueous cleaning system.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... of water. This is repeated at a pace suitable for the heating capacity of the system until the new bath temperature exceeds the melt point of the target nitrite-nitrate salt mixture. Then agitation should be initiated and dry, granular salt is added (at ratio) until sufficient volume of the desired molten...
Abstract
Molten salt, including nitrite/nitrate salts, is the quenching medium most commonly used in austempering and marquenching of ferrous materials. This article describes the use of molten salts in the quenching of ferrous materials. It provides information on the processing and operation of salt quenching including considerations of time, temperature, environment, and safety, as well as critical characteristics such as the composition of the quenchant, agitation, and water additions.
Book Chapter
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005307
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract This article describes the control of alloy composition and impurity levels in die casting of zinc alloys based on agitation, use of foundry scrap, and melt temperature and fluxing. It reviews the process considerations for the melt processing of the zinc alloys. The process...
Abstract
This article describes the control of alloy composition and impurity levels in die casting of zinc alloys based on agitation, use of foundry scrap, and melt temperature and fluxing. It reviews the process considerations for the melt processing of the zinc alloys. The process considerations include the usage of furnaces and launder system, scrap return, inclusions in zinc alloys, fluxing of zinc alloys, and galvanizing fluxes. The article discusses the materials and lubricant selection, casting and die temperature control, and trimming process used in hot chamber die casting for zinc alloys. It also reviews other casting processes for zinc alloys, such as sand casting, permanent mold casting, plaster mold casting, squeeze casting, and semisolid casting.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005862
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... quench, or spray is required for the end face ( Ref 1 ). There should be sufficient agitation when the part drops into the quench to break the vapor barrier. Figure 14 depicts a system used to harden plane blades for woodworking. Heated blades drop into the quench tank. Cold spots were created...
Abstract
Induction heating for hardening of steels has advantages from the standpoint of quenching because parts are individually processed in a controlled manner. This article provides information on the effect of agitation, temperature, hardening, residual stresses, and quenching media, on quenching. It also describes various quenching methods for steel induction heat treating, namely, spray quenching, immersion quenching, self or mass quenching, and forced air quenching. The article also reviews quench system design and quenchants and their maintenance.
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