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aerodynamic time-of-flight method

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006096
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... distributions. Common particle size measuring techniques discussed in this article include sieve analysis, quantitative image analysis, laser diffraction, sedimentation methods, aerodynamic time-of-flight method, electrical zone sensing, and photon correlation spectroscopy. The advantages and disadvantages...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003459
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
..., for example. It is more suitable for small-area inspections because it is difficult to cover large areas using typical portable equipment in a reasonable time. Delaminations and disbonds can be detected deeper down inside the structure than those detectable using tap testing. The method provides information...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002393
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... approach, which became known as the “Safe-Life” method. (See the section “Structural Design Philosophies” in this article.) This approach, used in the development of USAF aircraft in the 1960s, involved analysis and testing to four times the anticipated service life. On the commercial scene, another...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003458
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... must maintain the integrity of structural stiffness. The following requirements must be considered in a stiffness-critical repair design: Deflection limitations of flying surfaces, such as wings and flight controls, are based on aerodynamic and performance requirements of the aircraft, repair...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003284
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... for measuring particle velocity. Adapted from Ref 20 Another relatively simple method, which is well suited to use with the gas-blast method, involves measuring the time of flight of the particles between two transverse light beams a short distance apart ( Ref 11 , 21 ). In one version of this method...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... (e.g., 87% completed flights). Each type of event can be expressed as a percent (such as 97% on-time arrivals), frequency (e.g., 5 cancellations per year), or rate that normalizes based on use of the system, part, or aircraft (e.g., 0.0001 in-flight shutdowns per flying hour). For components, the most...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005957
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... of classifying furnaces is based on the heating or energy input method. It can be divided into combustion-based heating, electric heating methods, and aerodynamic furnaces where heat is generated by rotation of a fan ( Ref 10 ). With combustion-based (fuel-based) process heating, heat is generated...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006821
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... is a general list of the types of information that may be useful to consider as part of an aircraft investigation. Details of the Accident Details of the accident should include: Incident date, time, and location Departure airport and intended destination airport Weather Flight tracker...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003516
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... singularly complicated items is significant. Additionally, the knowledge that is required spans many different disciplines. These disciplines, in the case of aircraft, can include aerodynamics, fluid flow, mechanics, mechanisms, structures, metallurgy, materials science, corrosion, inspection methods...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004127
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... are in themselves very severe operational environments, most navy aircraft spend a considerable amount of time on the ground. Therefore, the ground environment is an important consideration to overall corrosion-prevention strategies. It has been found through corrosion monitoring of military sites and in-flight...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003452
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... inspection (NDI) methods can subsequently be used to confirm the effectiveness of the repair in service. Not having to remove the defect is one of the ways in which significant savings in repair time can be achieved. A major difference between mechanically fastened and adhesively bonded joints...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Materials Association (SACMA) test methods. Cofabrication quality-assurance testing takes place during the actual fabrication of the repair scheme and its placement on the damaged area. The testing in effect is simple in that little expense and time is required, but such tests have a large impact...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006802
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... Board, or NTSB, report, Ref 16 ) 1986 On January 28, 1986, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 s into its flight, killing all 7 astronauts on board. The investigation showed aerodynamic forces broke the shuttle apart after a structural...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005514
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... of the sample as a function of time. There are two methods of employing it: By monitoring the heat flux at a constant rate of temperature change, thermal events may be monitored. By maintaining a fixed heat flux, thermal events will cause a response from the rate of temperature change. The method...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004131
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... the magnitude of the applied load by factors of three or more. In this regard, the “hole cold expansion” ( Fig. 17 ) is a practical method to repair corroded or fatigue cracked holes and at the same time to ensure continued airworthiness by inducing beneficial annular residual compressive stresses ( Ref 30...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003512
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... became known as the “safe-life” method. This safe-life approach, used in the development of USAF aircraft in the 1960s, involved analysis and testing to four times the anticipated service life. On the commercial scene, another philosophy, “fail safety,” was introduced in the early 1960s, and a choice...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... influenced by aircraft loads factors (the percent of seats occupied on any flight), and airplane utilization rates (the number of flight cycles or hours accumulated per day). Most of this humidity collects on the fuselage skin as ice during cruise and thaws during descent. The time of wetness on long-range...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003477
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
.... The horizontal stabilizer ( Fig. 17 ) has composite skins with aluminum honeycomb core. Fig. 17 F-16 composite horizontal stabilizer Another program that employed a considerable amount of composite material is the A-6 wing replacement program. In the A-6 program, high-flight-time metal wings were...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006848
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... further that this FCG life represented the best estimate for the time available to detect cracking and a pressure loss in a blade, the conclusion was that this time was dangerously short. In fact, any estimate less than 3 FH, which represented the maximum normal flight duration, carried the implication...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006667
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... measurements of its travel time (time of flight, or TOF) over a known distance ( L , in meters): (Eq 1) E = 1 2 m n υ n 2 = h 2 2 m n λ 2 = m n L 2 2 T O F 2 ∼ k B T Or, rearranging to: (Eq 2) E ( meV...