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Book Chapter
Design Considerations for Advanced Ceramics for Structural Applications
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003060
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... X X X Wear resistance X X X Chemical Corrosion products X X X X X Corrosion rate X X X X X Oxidation rate X X X X X (a) Significant properties are denoted by an “X.” Data regarding the reliability of advanced ceramics is closely associated...
Abstract
The design process for ceramic materials is more complex than that of metals because of low-strain tolerance, low fracture toughness and brittleness. The application of structural ceramics to engineering systems hinges on the functional benefits to be derived and is manifested in the conceptual design for acceptable reliability. This article discusses the design considerations for the use of structural ceramics for engineering applications. It describes the conceptual design and deals with fast fracture reliability, lifetime reliability, joints, attachments, interfaces, and thermal shock in detailed design procedure. The article provides information on the proof testing of ceramics, and presents a short note on public domain software that helps determine the reliability of a loaded ceramic component. The article concludes with several design scenarios for gas turbine components, turbine wheels, ceramic valves, and sliding parts.
Book Chapter
Structural Applications for Advanced Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003061
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract Structural applications for advanced ceramics include mineral processing equipment, machine tools, wear components, heat exchangers, automotive products, aerospace components, and medical products. This article begins with an overview of the wear-resistant applications...
Abstract
Structural applications for advanced ceramics include mineral processing equipment, machine tools, wear components, heat exchangers, automotive products, aerospace components, and medical products. This article begins with an overview of the wear-resistant applications and the parameters affecting wear of ceramics, namely, hardness, thermal conductivity, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance. The next part of the article addresses temperature-resistant applications of advanced ceramics. Specific applications of ceramic materials addressed include cutting tools, pump and valve components, rolling elements and bearings, paper and wire manufacturing, biomedical implants, heat exchangers, adiabatic diesel engines, advanced gas turbines, and aerospace applications.
Book Chapter
Electrical/Electronic Applications for Advanced Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003062
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract Ceramic materials serve important insulative, capacitive, conductive, resistive, sensor, electrooptic, and magnetic functions in a wide variety of electrical and electronic circuitry. This article focuses on various applications of advanced ceramics in both electric power...
Abstract
Ceramic materials serve important insulative, capacitive, conductive, resistive, sensor, electrooptic, and magnetic functions in a wide variety of electrical and electronic circuitry. This article focuses on various applications of advanced ceramics in both electric power and electronics industry, namely, dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, sensing, magnetic and superconducting devices.
Book Chapter
General Characteristics and Applications of Ceramics and Glasses
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003049
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article provides an overview of the types, properties, and applications of traditional and advanced ceramics and glasses. Principal product areas for traditional ceramics include whitewares, glazes, porcelain enamels, structural clay products, cements, and refractories. Advanced...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the types, properties, and applications of traditional and advanced ceramics and glasses. Principal product areas for traditional ceramics include whitewares, glazes, porcelain enamels, structural clay products, cements, and refractories. Advanced ceramics include electronic ceramics, optical ceramics, magnetic ceramics, and structural ceramics.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002490
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... process design flowchart for ceramic processing. Information on traditional ceramics and advanced ceramics is also provided. The article describes various ceramic forming processes, such as wet processing, plastic forming, dry processing, and machining. The factors for evaluating different ceramic forming...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the steps that are used in ceramics processing and related mechanical design considerations. It discusses various design approaches, such as the empirical design, the deterministic design, and the probabilistic design. The article presents a general process design flowchart for ceramic processing. Information on traditional ceramics and advanced ceramics is also provided. The article describes various ceramic forming processes, such as wet processing, plastic forming, dry processing, and machining. The factors for evaluating different ceramic forming processes are summarized in a table. The article discusses vitrification and sintering that generally pertain to ceramic firing and concludes with a discussion on firing process factors.
Book Chapter
Performance of Ceramics in Severe Environments
Available to PurchaseBook: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003842
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... with information on high-temperature applications, wear properties, and the microscopic analyses of advanced ceramics. microscopic analysis advanced ceramics ceramic matrix composites high-temperature oxidation mechanical properties oxide ceramics wear properties CERAMICS are generally stable...
Abstract
This article examines the high-temperature oxidation of silica-forming ceramics under constant temperature and cyclic conditions. The effects of water vapor, impurities, and molten salts are discussed. The article describes the oxidation and corrosion of silica-forming composites, oxide ceramics, non-silica forming nitrides, carbides, and borides. The performance of environmental barrier coatings by material type is also discussed. The article also explains the effects of oxidation and corrosion on the mechanical properties of ceramic-matrix composites. It concludes with information on high-temperature applications, wear properties, and the microscopic analyses of advanced ceramics.
Book Chapter
Processing and Characterization of Ceramic Powders
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003052
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article explains how ceramic powders are made. It begins by briefly describing the raw materials used in structural clay products, whitewares, refractories, and advanced ceramics. It then examines various additives that promote uniformity at different stages of the process. After...
Abstract
This article explains how ceramic powders are made. It begins by briefly describing the raw materials used in structural clay products, whitewares, refractories, and advanced ceramics. It then examines various additives that promote uniformity at different stages of the process. After a description of the comminution process (wet and dry milling methods), it discusses batching and mixing operations and granulation methods. The article also deals with the effect of process variables and the steps involved in chemical synthesis, including preparation from solution and gas-phase reactions, filtration and washing, and powder recovery techniques. It concludes with a discussion on characterization, centering on size distribution analysis, specific surface area, density, porosity chemical composition, phase, and surface composition.
Image
Original design ceramic axial flow turbine rotor (left) and advanced, more ...
Available to Purchase
in Design Considerations for Advanced Ceramics for Structural Applications
> Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition
Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 10 Original design ceramic axial flow turbine rotor (left) and advanced, more rugged turbine rotor (right)
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Image
(a) Ceramic turbine wheel and nozzle for advanced auxiliary power unit. (b)...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1997
Fig. 12 (a) Ceramic turbine wheel and nozzle for advanced auxiliary power unit. (b) Ceramic components for small expendable turbojet. Courtesy of Sundstrand Aerospace Corporation
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Book Chapter
Structural Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
.... Silicon Carbide Silicon carbide, SiC, is ceramic material that has been in existence for decades but has recently found many applications in advanced ceramics. There are actually two families of silicon carbide, one known as direct-sintered SiC, and the other known as reaction-bonded SiC (also...
Abstract
This article discusses the properties and uses of structural ceramics and the basic processing steps by which they are made. It describes raw material preparation, forming and fabrication, thermal processing, and finishing. It provides information on the composition, microstructure, and properties of aluminum oxides, aluminum titanate, silicon carbide, boron carbide, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon-aluminum-oxynitride, and several ceramic composites. It also explains how these materials maintain their mechanical strength and dimensional tolerances at high temperatures and how some of their shortcomings are being addressed.
Book Chapter
Ordered Intermetallics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001102
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... of the nickel-base superalloys, but it is not as good as that of some advanced single-crystal nickel-base superalloys used for jet engine turbine blades. Fig. 9 Larson-Miller parameter ( P ) plot showing the effect of processing on the creep-rupture properties of lC-221 (Ni-16.1Al-8Cr-1Zr-0.8B...
Abstract
Ordered intermetallic compounds based on aluminides and silicides constitute a unique class of metallic materials that have promising physical and mechanical properties for structural applications at elevated temperatures. This article provides useful information on mechanical and metallurgical properties, material processing and fabrication, structural applications, mechanical behavior, environmental embrittlement, alloying effects, and crystal structure of aluminides of nickel, iron, titanium, and silicides. It describes the cleavage and intergranular fracture in trialuminides.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003274
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... 1326 for advanced ceramics ( Ref 5 ). Knoop testing is frequently used to study the hardness of ceramic single crystals ( Ref 6 ), because orientation effects may be studied by varying the diagonal axis orientation. Cracking problems are also less severe than with Vickers indentations. Fig. 1...
Abstract
Hardness characterizes the resistance of the ceramic to deformation, densification, displacement, and fracture. It is usually measured with conventional microindentation hardness machines using the Knoop or the Vickers diamond indenters. This article discusses the metrology issues of the Knoop and the Vickers hardness in ceramics. It explicates how to estimate fracture toughness from Vickers indentation cracking. The article also provides information on instrumented hardness testing and the Meyer law.
Image
Fracture toughness results as functions for temperature for seven advanced ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2000
Fig. 27 Fracture toughness results as functions for temperature for seven advanced ceramic materials. Source: Ref 49
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Book Chapter
Final Shaping and Surface Finishing of Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003055
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... and again after firing; they are also sometimes glazed and/or metallized. Advanced ceramics are rarely glazed, but they often require extensive shaping when they are fully hard and dense, since most are produced by processes (such as hot pressing) that combine forming and firing to give these ceramics...
Abstract
Ceramics usually require some form of machining prior to use to meet dimensional and surface quality standards. This article focuses on abrasive machining, particularly grinding, and addresses common methods and critical process factors. It covers cylindrical, centerless, and disk grinding and provides information on tooling, wheel selection, work material, and operational factors. It also discusses precision slicing and slotting, lapping, honing, and polishing as well as abrasive waterjet, electrical discharge, laser, and ultrasonic machining.
Book Chapter
Fracture Resistance Testing of Brittle Solids
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003312
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
..., standards-writing bodies worldwide have labored to develop similar robust and well-accepted test methods for brittle solids, particularly advanced ceramics ( Ref 7 , 8 , 9 , and 10 ). The following sections, where applicable, discuss general aspects of these test methods for extrinsic flaws (macrocracks...
Abstract
Catastrophic failure best typifies the characteristic behavior of brittle solids in the presence of cracks or crack-like flaws under ambient conditions. This article provides a description of the concepts of fracture mechanics of brittle solids and focuses on the various testing methods developed to characterize the fracture behavior of brittle solids with examples. These include the fracture toughness test method and R-curve test method at ambient and elevated temperatures. The article also includes information on the evaluation of fracture-toughness test results and the behavior of R-curve.
Book Chapter
Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
...-temperature applications CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES (CMCs), one of the newest segments of the advanced materials family, are being developed for a number of high-temperature and high-performance applications in industrial, aerospace, and energy conservation sectors. Government and corporate laboratories...
Abstract
Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for a number of high-temperature and high-performance applications in industrial, aerospace, and energy conservation sectors. This article focuses on processing, fabrication, testing, and characterization methods of CMCs, namely, discontinuously reinforced composites and continuous-fiber-reinforced composites. Processing methods include cold pressing, sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, melt infiltration, directed metal oxidation, sol-gel and polymer pyrolysis, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and joining. A table summarizes the properties of various ceramic reinforcements and industrial applications of these composites.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003319
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... standardized for the determination of fatigue strength by dynamic loading ( Ref 15 , 17 ). One standard ( Ref 17 ), ASTM C 1368 “Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-Rate Flexural Testing at Ambient Temperature” also gives detailed...
Abstract
This article describes the fatigue mechanism and behavior of environmentally induced fatigue and cyclic fatigue. It discusses three basic strength test methods, namely, static, dynamic, and cyclic, along with their analytical relations for determining the fatigue parameters and behavior of ceramics and glasses. The article explains the double torsion and double-cantilever beam fracture mechanics methods, which employ test specimens with relatively large, induced cracks. Crack growth data are typically determined directly by the observation of the crack or by devices that monitor test specimen compliance, such as clip gages and strain gages.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2026
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0007045
EISBN: 978-1-62708-489-5
... applications. carbon fibers SiC-base ceramic-matrix composites silicon carbide fibers Silicon Carbide and Alumina-Base Fiber Materials The manufacture and utilization of high-temperature fibers have advanced significantly over the last two decades as composite materials systems that include...
Abstract
This article discusses the array of fiber products, manufacturing approaches, and production suppliers. It also discusses carbon fibers, their range of uses, and their performance capabilities, which are unique and separate from oxide and non-oxide fibers. The article reviews the history of developing silicon carbide (SiC) fibers and SiC-base ceramic-matrix composites. CMCs provide a roadmap and timeline for the technologies developed and refined over the last 50 years of effort to make SiC-SiC composites a reality. The article also describes the use of fiber in composite applications.
Book Chapter
Joining of Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003056
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
..., and the more advanced joining of nonoxide ceramics. It also discusses metallizing, brazing, diffusion bonding, and chemical bonding. brazing ceramic-ceramic joining ceramic-metal joining chemical bonding diffusion bonding glass-metal sealing metallizing nonoxide ceramics MANY APPLICATIONS...
Abstract
Many applications of ceramics and glasses require them to be joined to each other or to other materials such as metals. This article focuses on ceramic joining technologies, including glass-metal sealing, glass-ceramic/metal joining, ceramic-metal joining, ceramic-ceramic joining, and the more advanced joining of nonoxide ceramics. It also discusses metallizing, brazing, diffusion bonding, and chemical bonding.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Mechanical Testing of Components
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003321
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... method for determining the dynamic elastic module of advanced ceramics. These standards also form the basis for two recent additions to ASTM standards: ASTM E 1875-98; Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio by Sonic Resonance ASTM E 1876-98; Standard...
Abstract
This article describes the tests for the common types of fabricated components and modeling of metal deformation. It provides an overview of component testing and briefly reviews the relationship of mechanical properties in the process of mechanical design for static loads, cyclic loads, dynamic loads, and high-temperature materials. The article describes the general properties related to monotonic stress-strain behavior of steels. It also discusses materials properties and operating stresses as well as other factors, such as part shape and environmental effects, which play significant roles in the design process of components.
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