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Book Chapter

By Kenneth J. Hacias
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article focuses on the mineral and organic acid cleaning of iron and steel. It begins with a discussion on the application methods, process selection criteria, solution composition, equipment used, and control of process variables in mineral acid cleaning. The article...
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Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 1 Section of an acid cleaning tank. Inner lining of brick acts only as a thermal shield and as a protection against mechanical damage to the corrosion-resistant polyvinyl chloride or rubber membrane. More
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 6 Section of an acid cleaning tank. Inner lining of brick acts only as a thermal shield and as a protection against mechanical damage to the corrosion-resistant polyvinyl chloride or rubber membrane. More
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 15 Effect of abrasive cleaning and acid etching on the lap shear strength of AS4/APC-2 laminates. Source: Ref 15 More
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 16 Effect of abrasive cleaning and acid etching on fusion-bonded AS4-APC-2 laminates. Test coupons were joined by ultrasonic welding. Source: Ref 15 More
Book Chapter

By J.R. Davis
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001305
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract Passivation; pickling, that is, acid descaling; electropolishing; and mechanical cleaning are important surface treatments for the successful performance of stainless steel used for piping, pressure vessels, tanks, and machined parts in a wide variety of applications. This article...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001221
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... compounds from magnetic particle and fluorescent penetrant inspection. The cleaning processes include emulsion cleaning, electrolytic alkaline cleaning, acid cleaning, solvent cleaning, vapor degreasing, alkaline cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning, and glass bead cleaning. The article provides guidelines...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005777
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
..., mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical and their effectiveness and applicability. The mechanical cleaning methods include grinding, brushing, steam or flame jet cleaning, abrasive blasting, and tumbling. Solvent cleaning, emulsion cleaning, alkaline cleaning, acid cleaning, pickling, and descaling...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003213
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... describes common cleaning processes, including alkaline, electrolytic, solvent, emulsion, molten salt bath, ultrasonic and acid cleaning as well as pickling and abrasive blasting. It also explains how to select the appropriate process for a given soil type and surface composition. abrasive blast...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001313
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article addresses surface cleaning, finishing, and coating operations that have proven to be effective for molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, and niobium. It describes standard procedures for abrasive blasting, molten caustic processing, acid cleaning, pickling, and solvent...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... material incompatibilities in a table. The article summarizes the uses of chemical cleaning solutions, including hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfamic acid, as well as the additives used to neutralize their impact on corrosion. It discusses the chemical cleaning procedures, including selection...
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 58 Corrosion products on the intergranular fracture surface of an Nb-106 alloy. These corrosion products, which are residues from acid cleaning, contributed to failure by SCC. (L. Kashar, Scanning Electron Analysis Laboratories, Inc.) More
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 4 Corroded type 316 stainless steel pipe from a black liquor evaporator. Two forms of attack are evident: preferential attack of the weld metal ferrite, suffered during HCl acid cleaning, and less severe attack in the sensitized HAZ center. Source: Ref 5 More
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 613 Fatigue fracture of AISI type 302 spring wire. Failure initiated at grain-boundary damage called “alligatoring,” a condition resulting from overetching during acid cleaning. Alligatoring is always detrimental to fatigue resistance and in extreme cases (such as this one) can lead More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 60 (a) Longitudinal crack in a copper air-conditioning absorber tube. (b) Macrograph of fine, irregular cracks observed in the outside-diameter surface of the copper air-conditioning absorber tube after a light acid cleaning to remove the corrosion product. Original magnification: 2×. (c More
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Published: 01 January 2005
and erosion). Control: Operating procedures and system design are common causes of short-term overheating in boiler tubes. Plant records can help identify the cause, such as new burners with changed firing pattern, prior ineffective cleaning of fouled tubes with scales and debris left in place, recent acid More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001308
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
..., and coating of aluminum. These include abrasive blast cleaning, barrel finishing, polishing, buffing, satin finishing, chemical cleaning, chemical brightening, electrolytic brightening, chemical etching, alkaline etching, acid etching, chemical conversion coating, electroplating, immersion plating...
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Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 32 Secondary electron SEM fractograph of stage 2 striation features in clad type 7075-T6 aluminum alloy fuselage skin from a commercial airplane. The striations are due to a progressive crack advance with each ground-air-ground flight cycle. Pits are due to oxide removal in a chromic acid More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 47 Longitudinal crack and intergranular stress-corrosion cracks in copper air-conditioning absorber tubes. (a) Longitudinal crack in one of the subject absorber tubes. 0.75×. (b) Macrograph of fine, irregular crack observed on the outer surface of the second absorber tube after light acid More
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Published: 01 August 2018
light acid cleaning to remove the corrosion product. Original magnification: 2×. (c) Micrograph showing profiles of the primary crack and two fine secondary cracks at the outer surface of the absorber tube. The crack profiles are typical of stress-corrosion cracking, that is, intergranular and free More