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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005627
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... constant power density boundaries, showing the relationship between the focused beam diameter and the absorbed beam power for approximate regions of keyhole-mode welding, conduction-mode welding, cutting, and drilling. absorbed beam power conduction-mode welding cutting drilling electron beam...
Image
Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 4 Constant power density boundaries showing the relationship between the focused beam diameter and the absorbed beam power for approximate regions of keyhole-mode welding, conduction-mode welding, cutting, and drilling More
Book Chapter

By G. Dana Brabson
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001731
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... 2) P P 0 = e − k b where P is the radiant power transmitted (not absorbed) by a sample of thickness b, P 0 is the radiant power incident on the sample, and k is a constant. Terms and symbols used in UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy Table 1 Terms and symbols used...
Book Chapter

By Tim Webber, Thomas Lieb, J. Mazumder
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005641
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... information on independent process variables such as incident laser beam power and diameter, laser beam spatial distribution, traverse speed, shielding gas, depth of focus and focal position, weld design, and gap size. Dependent variables, including depth of penetration, microstructure and mechanical...
Book Chapter

By Erik Miller, Shuang Liu
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006502
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... absorbs and scatters the laser beam. It is therefore necessary to remove or suppress plasma. The higher the power, the more clearly the phenomenon can be observed. This negative effect of plasma can be reduced by diluting it with injection of high-ionization-potential gas, such as helium, argon, nitrogen...
Book Chapter

By Tanjore V. Jayaraman
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006448
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... the energy or penetrating power of the x-ray beam The tube current, which is directly related to filament temperature and is usually referred to as the milliamperage of the tube The strength, or radiation output, of the beam, is approximately proportional to milliamperage, which is used as one...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003042
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... for cutting for two reasons: They produce large amounts of power in the form of light and they produce this light in parallel beams that can be focused to small spots. Focusing Laser Beams A CO 2 laser with an output of 1500 W generally emits a beam about 20 mm (0.8 in.) in diameter. The power density...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006545
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... . This allows formation of a small, deep melt pool, the geometry of which can be precisely controlled via the beam size, power, and translation speed. The range of available powers and beam sizes also enables both high-deposition-rate processes, capable of building kilograms per hour, or fine-focused processes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001445
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... power for a 5 kW CO 2 laser. The base metal is Ti-6Al-4V. Source: Ref 17 Shielding Gas The plasma produced during laser welding absorbs and scatters the laser beam. It is necessary, therefore, to remove or suppress plasma. The higher the power, the more clearly the phenomenon can...
Book Chapter

By Darryl D. Siemer
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001730
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... begin to absorb appreciably. Continuum-Source Background Correction The first method devised to accomplish background correction was the Koirtyohann/Pickett system ( Ref 13 ), which uses light from an auxiliary continuum source lamp as a reference beam ( Fig. 8 ). A low-pressure, molecular...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006748
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
..., results in image degradation. Such errors wavelength is minimized. See also achro- emission, absorbance, and conductivity) may be chromatic, spherical, astigmatic, matic and apochromatic lens. and (2) the concentration or mass of the sub- comatic, distortion, or curvature of eld stance being measured...
Book Chapter

By Thomas W. Eagar
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001332
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... in Fig. 3 can be generated. Heat sources with power densities that are of the order of 1000 W/cm 2 , such as oxyacetylene flames or electro-slag welding, require interaction times of 25 s with steel, whereas laser and electron beams, at 1 MW/cm 2 , need interaction times on the order of only 25 μs...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005106
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... axial flow, transverse flow, and fast axial flow and reviews the applications of Nd:YAG laser. The article describes the basic parameters in the laser-cutting process: beam quality, power, travel speed, nozzles design, and focal-point position. Several material conditions that affect the quality...
Book Chapter

By Jyoti Mazumder
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001370
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
.... It provides information on the applications of microwelding with pulsed solid-state lasers. The article describes the modes of laser welding such as conduction-mode welding and deep-penetration-mode welding, as well as major independent process variables for laser welding, such as laser-beam power, laser-beam...
Book Chapter

By Riccardo Vanzetti
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001398
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... configurations of production lasers were of the “blind” (no feedback) type. The system included a laser programmed for power, as well as length of heat injection time. The focal spot of the laser beam was brought to impinge on the target by moving either the target itself or the laser beam, or a combination...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005513
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... by the particles in the power jet prior to reaching the substrate surface. A part of the laser energy is reflected by the substrate, which is intercepted by the powder jet particles. The process repeats until the reflected energy escapes the deposit region. When material absorbs laser energy, its temperature...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0005692
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... in the intensity of the beam ac noncapacitive arc. A high-voltage elec- of the response to measurement (for ex- (light, x-rays, electrons, and so on) when trical discharge used in spectrochemical ample, emission, absorbance, and con- passing through matter. In many cases analysis to vaporize the sample material...
Book Chapter

By Curtis Marcott
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006662
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... fundamental vibrational modes occur, is the most useful for materials characterization. Intensity can be expressed as percent transmittance (% T ) or absorbance ( A ). If I 0 is the energy, or radiant power, reaching the infrared detector with no sample in the beam, and I is the energy detected...
Book Chapter

By Gary D. Rayson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006653
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... source (e.g., a flame or graphite furnace) and the residence time of each metal atom within the probed volume. The longer a metal atom resides within the incident light beam and the greater the number of atoms, the higher the probability of absorbing the incident radiation. The Beer-Lambert relationship...
Book Chapter

By Curtis Marcott
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001735
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... ( A ). If I 0 is the energy, or radiant power, reaching the infrared detector with no sample in the beam, and I is the energy detected with a sample present, transmittance is: (Eq 4) T = I I 0 and percent transmittance: (Eq 5) % T = 100 I I 0 Absorbance...