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absorbed beam power

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005627
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... constant power density boundaries, showing the relationship between the focused beam diameter and the absorbed beam power for approximate regions of keyhole-mode welding, conduction-mode welding, cutting, and drilling. absorbed beam power conduction-mode welding cutting drilling electron beam...
Image
Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 4 Constant power density boundaries showing the relationship between the focused beam diameter and the absorbed beam power for approximate regions of keyhole-mode welding, conduction-mode welding, cutting, and drilling More
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001731
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... 2) P P 0 = e − k b where P is the radiant power transmitted (not absorbed) by a sample of thickness b, P 0 is the radiant power incident on the sample, and k is a constant. Terms and symbols used in UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy Table 1 Terms and symbols used...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005641
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... information on independent process variables such as incident laser beam power and diameter, laser beam spatial distribution, traverse speed, shielding gas, depth of focus and focal position, weld design, and gap size. Dependent variables, including depth of penetration, microstructure and mechanical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006502
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... absorbs and scatters the laser beam. It is therefore necessary to remove or suppress plasma. The higher the power, the more clearly the phenomenon can be observed. This negative effect of plasma can be reduced by diluting it with injection of high-ionization-potential gas, such as helium, argon, nitrogen...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001445
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... power for a 5 kW CO 2 laser. The base metal is Ti-6Al-4V. Source: Ref 17 Shielding Gas The plasma produced during laser welding absorbs and scatters the laser beam. It is necessary, therefore, to remove or suppress plasma. The higher the power, the more clearly the phenomenon can...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006545
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... . This allows formation of a small, deep melt pool, the geometry of which can be precisely controlled via the beam size, power, and translation speed. The range of available powers and beam sizes also enables both high-deposition-rate processes, capable of building kilograms per hour, or fine-focused processes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001370
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
.... It provides information on the applications of microwelding with pulsed solid-state lasers. The article describes the modes of laser welding such as conduction-mode welding and deep-penetration-mode welding, as well as major independent process variables for laser welding, such as laser-beam power, laser-beam...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005106
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... axial flow, transverse flow, and fast axial flow and reviews the applications of Nd:YAG laser. The article describes the basic parameters in the laser-cutting process: beam quality, power, travel speed, nozzles design, and focal-point position. Several material conditions that affect the quality...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003042
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... for cutting for two reasons: They produce large amounts of power in the form of light and they produce this light in parallel beams that can be focused to small spots. Focusing Laser Beams A CO 2 laser with an output of 1500 W generally emits a beam about 20 mm (0.8 in.) in diameter. The power density...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001398
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... configurations of production lasers were of the “blind” (no feedback) type. The system included a laser programmed for power, as well as length of heat injection time. The focal spot of the laser beam was brought to impinge on the target by moving either the target itself or the laser beam, or a combination...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001332
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... in Fig. 3 can be generated. Heat sources with power densities that are of the order of 1000 W/cm 2 , such as oxyacetylene flames or electro-slag welding, require interaction times of 25 s with steel, whereas laser and electron beams, at 1 MW/cm 2 , need interaction times on the order of only 25 μs...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006448
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... the energy or penetrating power of the x-ray beam The tube current, which is directly related to filament temperature and is usually referred to as the milliamperage of the tube The strength, or radiation output, of the beam, is approximately proportional to milliamperage, which is used as one...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006748
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
..., results in image degradation. Such errors wavelength is minimized. See also achro- emission, absorbance, and conductivity) may be chromatic, spherical, astigmatic, matic and apochromatic lens. and (2) the concentration or mass of the sub- comatic, distortion, or curvature of eld stance being measured...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001730
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... begin to absorb appreciably. Continuum-Source Background Correction The first method devised to accomplish background correction was the Koirtyohann/Pickett system ( Ref 13 ), which uses light from an auxiliary continuum source lamp as a reference beam ( Fig. 8 ). A low-pressure, molecular...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005513
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... by the particles in the power jet prior to reaching the substrate surface. A part of the laser energy is reflected by the substrate, which is intercepted by the powder jet particles. The process repeats until the reflected energy escapes the deposit region. When material absorbs laser energy, its temperature...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005638
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
...—are plotted in Fig. 13 for a peak laser power of 1200 W over 10 ms. From the data plot, the stages are: The initial laser beam is reflected by the material, until enough energy has been absorbed to initiate a keyhole. Within 0.8 ms, the reflected laser power has reached its maximum, whereupon...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005204
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... and former Soviet bloc countries are the production of steel ingots weighing 3.3 to 18 Mg (3.6 to 20 tons) using electron beams of up to 1200 kW. Furnaces of up to 4200 kW in electron beam power have been used since 1982 for recycling titanium scrap to produce 16 Mg (17.5 ton) slabs 1420 mm (56 in.) wide...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005630
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... a safety factor. For a single-mode fiber optic, the beam has a Gaussian power density distribution profile. Measurements of the beam diameter to determine the NA are based on the outline that contains approximately 86.5% of the total beam power. See Fig. 3 and 4 for the case where r / w = 1.0 ( r...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006532
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... in continuous wave (CW) mode and pulse mode. The spatial mode profile of the beam is characterized by transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode ( Ref 19 ). There are various spatial modes that differ due to different resonator design. The Gaussian power distribution with fundamental TEM 00 (the subscripts denote...