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Book Chapter

By George A. Di Bari
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001245
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article discusses the process considerations and deposit properties of nickel plating. It describes the Watts solution and the anode materials used. The article focuses on the nickel plating processes used for decorative, engineering, and electroforming purposes. It provides...
Image
Published: 31 December 2017
-S) and a Watts solution (EP-W) are shown. Source: Ref 22 More
Image
Published: 01 January 1994
deposits from a sulfamate solution (EP-S) and a Watts solution (EP-W). Source: Ref 9 More
Image
Published: 01 January 1994
deposits from a sulfamate solution (EP-S) and a Watts solution (EP-W). Source: Ref 36 More
Image
Published: 31 August 2017
deposits from a sulfamate solution (EP-S) and a Watts solution (EP-W). Source: Ref 26 More
Image
Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 4 Variation in internal stress, elongation, tensile strength, and hardness with chloride content in deposits from Watts solutions operated at 55 °C, pH 3.0, and 5 A/dm 2 . Internal stress is tensile (indicated by a positive number). Source: Ref 1 More
Image
Published: 31 December 2017
as metallic nickel on the cathode surface. Negatively charged anions (Watts nickel-plating solution: Cl − , OH − , SO 4 2− ) migrate toward and are discharged at the anode, completing the electrical circuit. dc, direct current. Adapted with permission from Ref 6 More
Book Chapter

By S. Alec Watson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001258
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Variables and Properties of the Alloys from Solutions with Stress Reducer The percentage of manganese in the alloy at a fixed level of manganese in solution rises as deposition current density is increased, whether the solution is Watts-type, conventional sulfamate, or 600 g/L nickel sulfamate Ni-Speed...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003194
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Table 1 Process summary chart for ECM and EDM Electrochemical machining (ECM) Electrical discharge machining (EDM) Principle Controlled metal removal by anodic dissolution. Direct current (dc) current passes through flowing film of conductive solution that separates workpiece from...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006395
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... with two electrons and plate out as metallic nickel on the cathode surface. Negatively charged anions (Watts nickel-plating solution: Cl − , OH − , SO 4 2− ) migrate toward and are discharged at the anode, completing the electrical circuit. dc, direct current. Adapted with permission from Ref 6...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001313
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... workpiece is cleaned with molten caustic, acid cleaning is used. The acid solution consists of 50 to 70 vol% of concentrated HNO 3 , 10 to 20% of concentrated HF, and the remainder water. The cleaning solution is best when maintained at temperatures of 50 to 65 °C (120 to 150 °F). The process of acid...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and operating conditions for the Watts and nickel sulfamate processes, which are the two most popular solutions (plating baths). Nickel electroplating solutions Table 8 Nickel electroplating solutions Electrolyte composition (a) , g/L Watts nickel Nickel sulfamate Typical semibright bath (b...
Book Chapter

By Jeff Hancock
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001226
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... in ultrasonic cleaning. The components used in the generation of ultrasonic wave include piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are used in ultrasonic generators and tanks. The effects of solution type and its temperature on the effectiveness of ultrasonic cleaning are also discussed...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007040
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... stress-intensity factor keV kiloelectron volt kg kilogram km kilometer kPa kilopascal ksi kips (1000-lb) per square inch kV kilovolt L Length Abbreviations and Symbols Fractography / 537 L liter lb pound LME liquid-metal embrittlement ln natural logarithm (base e) m meter M molar solution; magni cation...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0005697
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
...-intensity factor keV kiloelectron volt kg kilogram km kilometer kPa kilopascal ksi kips (100-lb) per square inch kV kilovolt L length L liter lb pound LME liquid-metal embrittlement In natural logarithm (base e) m meter M molar solution; magnification Me camera magnification M. enlarging magnification Mr...
Book

By ASM Handbook Committee
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.9781627081818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
Book Chapter

By Glenn Malone, Myron E. Browning
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001263
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
..., is plated from Watts, fluoborate, and sulfamate solutions. The last is the most widely used due to lower stresses in the deposits and ease of operation. Nickel is deposited from most baths with moderate to high tensile stress. If uncontrolled, this stress can make removal of the mandrel difficult, can...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003802
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... electron AA Aluminum Association Btu British thermal unit ness) ac alternating current *BIc crystal lattice length along the c axis Hz hertz Accm in hypereutectoid steel, the temperature C coulomb ID inside diameter cal calorie in. inch at which solution of cementite in austen- CCT continuous cooling...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005348
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... ceramic shell; constitutional supercooling FRM ber-reinforced metals A area CSP constitutional supercooling parameter ft foot A angstrom CST constitutional solution treatment g gram; gas ac alternating current CV check valve casting g acceleration due to gravity AC air cool CVD chemical vapor deposition...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0006540
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... VNSS Va¨a¨ta¨nen nine salts solution VOC volatile organic compound vol% volume percent w weight or mass W watt WDS wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy WNr Werkstoff number WE working electrode wt% weight percent yr year YS yield strength Z impedance ZRA zero-resistance ammetry; zero-resistance ammeter...