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Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001245
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article discusses the process considerations and deposit properties of nickel plating. It describes the Watts solution and the anode materials used. The article focuses on the nickel plating processes used for decorative, engineering, and electroforming purposes. It provides...
Abstract
This article discusses the process considerations and deposit properties of nickel plating. It describes the Watts solution and the anode materials used. The article focuses on the nickel plating processes used for decorative, engineering, and electroforming purposes. It provides information on the quality control of nickel plating. It concludes with a review of the environmental, health, and safety considerations associated with nickel plating.
Image
Effect of number of cycles on mass loss of plated pin versus steel blocks i...
Available to PurchasePublished: 31 December 2017
Image
Effect of number of cycles on wear loss of plated pin versus steel blocks i...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1994
Image
Effect of number of cycles on wear loss of plated pin versus steel blocks i...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1994
Image
Effect of number of cycles on wear loss of plated pin versus steel blocks i...
Available to PurchasePublished: 31 August 2017
Image
Variation in internal stress, elongation, tensile strength, and hardness wi...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1994
Fig. 4 Variation in internal stress, elongation, tensile strength, and hardness with chloride content in deposits from Watts solutions operated at 55 °C, pH 3.0, and 5 A/dm 2 . Internal stress is tensile (indicated by a positive number). Source: Ref 1
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Electroplating of a metal (cathode) with nickel. At the anode, metallic nic...
Available to Purchase
in Electroplated Coatings for Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology
> Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology
Published: 31 December 2017
as metallic nickel on the cathode surface. Negatively charged anions (Watts nickel-plating solution: Cl − , OH − , SO 4 2− ) migrate toward and are discharged at the anode, completing the electrical circuit. dc, direct current. Adapted with permission from Ref 6
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Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001258
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Variables and Properties of the Alloys from Solutions with Stress Reducer The percentage of manganese in the alloy at a fixed level of manganese in solution rises as deposition current density is increased, whether the solution is Watts-type, conventional sulfamate, or 600 g/L nickel sulfamate Ni-Speed...
Abstract
Nickel alloys electroplated for engineering applications include nickel-iron, nickel-cobalt, nickel-manganese, and zinc-nickel. This article provides the process description and discusses the processing variables, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of nickel-iron, nickel-cobalt, nickel-manganese alloys, and nickel chromium binary and ternary alloys. It also includes information on the environmental, health, and safety considerations for these nickel-base alloys.
Book Chapter
Nontraditional Machining Processes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003194
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Table 1 Process summary chart for ECM and EDM Electrochemical machining (ECM) Electrical discharge machining (EDM) Principle Controlled metal removal by anodic dissolution. Direct current (dc) current passes through flowing film of conductive solution that separates workpiece from...
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive collection of summary charts that provide data and information that are helpful in considering and selecting applicable processes alternative to the conventional material-removal processes. Process summary charts are provided for electrochemical machining, electrical discharge machining, chemical machining, abrasive jet machining, laser beam machining, electron beam machining, ultrasonic impact grinding, hydrodynamic machining, thermochemical machining, abrasive flow machining, and electrical discharge wire cutting.
Book Chapter
Electroplated Coatings for Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006395
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... with two electrons and plate out as metallic nickel on the cathode surface. Negatively charged anions (Watts nickel-plating solution: Cl − , OH − , SO 4 2− ) migrate toward and are discharged at the anode, completing the electrical circuit. dc, direct current. Adapted with permission from Ref 6...
Abstract
This article discusses the fundamentals of electroplating processes, including pre-electroplating and surface-preparation processes. It illustrates the four layers of a plating system, namely, top or finish coat, undercoat, strike or flash, and base material layers. The article describes various plating methods, such as pulse electroplating, electroless plating, brush plating, and jet plating. It reviews the types of electrodeposited coatings, including hard coatings and soft coatings. The article also details the materials available for electroplating, including electroplated chromium, electroplated nickel, electroless (autocatalytic) nickel, electroless nickel composite coatings, electroplated gold, and platinum group coatings. These are specifically tailored toward plated coatings for friction, lubrication, and wear technology. The article concludes with a discussion on the common issues encountered with electroplating.
Book Chapter
Surface Engineering of Refractory Metals and Alloys
Available to PurchaseBook: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001313
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... workpiece is cleaned with molten caustic, acid cleaning is used. The acid solution consists of 50 to 70 vol% of concentrated HNO 3 , 10 to 20% of concentrated HF, and the remainder water. The cleaning solution is best when maintained at temperatures of 50 to 65 °C (120 to 150 °F). The process of acid...
Abstract
This article addresses surface cleaning, finishing, and coating operations that have proven to be effective for molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, and niobium. It describes standard procedures for abrasive blasting, molten caustic processing, acid cleaning, pickling, and solvent and electrolytic cleaning as well as mechanical grinding and finishing. The article also provides information on common plating and coating methods, including electroplating, anodizing, and oxidation-resistant coatings.
Book Chapter
Electrodeposition Processes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and operating conditions for the Watts and nickel sulfamate processes, which are the two most popular solutions (plating baths). Nickel electroplating solutions Table 8 Nickel electroplating solutions Electrolyte composition (a) , g/L Watts nickel Nickel sulfamate Typical semibright bath (b...
Abstract
Copper can be electrodeposited from numerous electrolytes. Cyanide and pyrophosphate alkalines, along with sulfate and fluoborate acid baths, are the primary electrolytes used in copper plating. This article provides information on the chemical composition, plating baths, and operating conditions of electrodeposition processes for chromium plating, nickel plating, iron plating, cadmium plating, zinc plating, indium plating, lead plating, tin plating, silver plating, gold plating, brass plating, bronze plating, tin-lead plating, zinc-iron plating, and zinc-nickel plating. The article also discusses selective plating, electroforming, and other processes and where they are typically used.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001226
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... in ultrasonic cleaning. The components used in the generation of ultrasonic wave include piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are used in ultrasonic generators and tanks. The effects of solution type and its temperature on the effectiveness of ultrasonic cleaning are also discussed...
Abstract
Ultrasonic cleaning involves the use of high-frequency sound waves that is above the upper range of human heating, or about 18 kHz, to remove a variety of contaminants from parts immersed in aqueous media. This article describes the process, design considerations and the equipment in ultrasonic cleaning. The components used in the generation of ultrasonic wave include piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are used in ultrasonic generators and tanks. The effects of solution type and its temperature on the effectiveness of ultrasonic cleaning are also discussed.
Book Chapter
Abbreviations and Symbols—Fractography
Available to PurchaseBook: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007040
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... stress-intensity factor keV kiloelectron volt kg kilogram km kilometer kPa kilopascal ksi kips (1000-lb) per square inch kV kilovolt L Length Abbreviations and Symbols Fractography / 537 L liter lb pound LME liquid-metal embrittlement ln natural logarithm (base e) m meter M molar solution; magni cation...
Abstract
This article presents abbreviations and symbols related to fractography.
Book Chapter
Abbreviations and Symbols: Fractography
Available to PurchaseBook: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0005697
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
...-intensity factor keV kiloelectron volt kg kilogram km kilometer kPa kilopascal ksi kips (100-lb) per square inch kV kilovolt L length L liter lb pound LME liquid-metal embrittlement In natural logarithm (base e) m meter M molar solution; magnification Me camera magnification M. enlarging magnification Mr...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.9781627081818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001263
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
..., is plated from Watts, fluoborate, and sulfamate solutions. The last is the most widely used due to lower stresses in the deposits and ease of operation. Nickel is deposited from most baths with moderate to high tensile stress. If uncontrolled, this stress can make removal of the mandrel difficult, can...
Abstract
Electroforming is the process by which articles or shapes can be exactly reproduced by electrodeposition on a mandrel or form that is later removed, leaving a precise duplicate of the original. This article discusses electroforming applications, and explains electroforming of nickel, cobalt, iron, and copper, providing information on mandrel design and selection, electroforming solutions and operating variables. It discusses the significant aspects of electroforming that demand special considerations, such as metal distribution, internal deposit stress, roughness, and treeing. The article concludes with an overview of alloy electroforming.
Book Chapter
Abbreviations and Symbols: Metallography and Microstructure
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003802
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... electron AA Aluminum Association Btu British thermal unit ness) ac alternating current *BIc crystal lattice length along the c axis Hz hertz Accm in hypereutectoid steel, the temperature C coulomb ID inside diameter cal calorie in. inch at which solution of cementite in austen- CCT continuous cooling...
Abstract
This article is a compilation of abbreviations and symbols related to metallography and microstructures.
Book Chapter
Abbreviations and Symbols: Casting
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005348
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... ceramic shell; constitutional supercooling FRM ber-reinforced metals A area CSP constitutional supercooling parameter ft foot A angstrom CST constitutional solution treatment g gram; gas ac alternating current CV check valve casting g acceleration due to gravity AC air cool CVD chemical vapor deposition...
Book Chapter
Abbreviations and Symbols for Corrosion: Materials
Available to PurchaseBook: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0006540
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... VNSS Va¨a¨ta¨nen nine salts solution VOC volatile organic compound vol% volume percent w weight or mass W watt WDS wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy WNr Werkstoff number WE working electrode wt% weight percent yr year YS yield strength Z impedance ZRA zero-resistance ammetry; zero-resistance ammeter...
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