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Everett E. Collier
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B. Mishra, J.J. Pak
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Steel wire rope
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Fretting fatigue failure of steel wire rope after seawater service. Wire di...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2003
Fig. 19 Fretting fatigue failure of steel wire rope after seawater service. Wire diameter was 1.5 mm (0.06 in.). See also Fig. 20 . Courtesy of R.B. Waterhouse, University of Nottingham
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Image
End of a steel wire-rope wire that failed in tension because of overloading...
Available to Purchase
in Failures of Cranes and Lifting Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 1 End of a steel wire-rope wire that failed in tension because of overloading. Necking at the end of the wire indicates ductile fracture.
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Image
Carbon steel wire rope. (a) Carbon steel highline being used to transfer eq...
Available to Purchase
in Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Military Environments
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 3 Carbon steel wire rope. (a) Carbon steel highline being used to transfer equipment between ships at sea. (b) Seven-strand carbon steel wire rope with maintenance grease. ( Ref 3 ) Typical wooden spool used to store wire rope
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Image
End of a steel wire rope that failed in tension because of overloading. Nec...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 End of a steel wire rope that failed in tension because of overloading. Necking at the ends of the wires indicates ductile fracture; no worn or abraded areas were found at the break.
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Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Image
Steel wire rope with heavy corrosion and broken individual wires resulting ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Steel wire rope with heavy corrosion and broken individual wires resulting from intermittent underwater service.
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Image
Steel wire rope, used on a cleaning-line crane, that failed from fatigue re...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 6 Steel wire rope, used on a cleaning-line crane, that failed from fatigue resulting from vibration caused by shock loading. (a) Section of the wire rope adjacent to the fracture. Approximately 1 1 2 ×. (b) Unetched longitudinal section of a wire from the rope showing fatigue
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Image
in Failures of Cranes and Lifting Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 2 Components of a steel wire rope. Source: Ref 1 . Created by P. Toone. Courtesy of OSHA DTSEM/SLTC
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Image
Steel wire rope with heavy corrosion and broken individual wires resulting ...
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in Failures of Cranes and Lifting Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 8 Steel wire rope with heavy corrosion and broken individual wires resulting from intermittent underwater service
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Image
Wire rope, made of improved plow steel with a fiber core, that failed becau...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 8 Wire rope, made of improved plow steel with a fiber core, that failed because of heavy abrasion and crushing under normal loading. (a) Crushed rope showing abraded wires and crown wear. 1.8×. (b) Nital-etched specimen showing martensite layer (top) and uniform, heavily drawn
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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001811
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... a limited area. The types of metal components used in lifting equipment include gears, shafts, drums and sheaves, brakes and brake wheels, couplings, bearings, wheels, electrical switchgear, chains, steel wire rope, and hooks. This article will primarily deal with many of these metal components of lifting...
Abstract
This article focuses on the mechanisms and common causes of failure of metal components in lifting equipment in the following three categories: cranes and bridges, particularly those for outdoor and other low-temperature service; attachments used for direct lifting, such as hooks, chains, wire rope, slings, beams, bales, and trunnions; and built-in members such as shafts, gears, and drums.
Book Chapter
Failures of Cranes and Lifting Equipment
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006830
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... of a lifting mechanism is an unfortunately common practice and often leads to either ductile or brittle fracture. Figure 1 shows a steel wire rope that fractured in tension due to overloading. With a fatigue type of failure, the member will usually fail at a load well below its specified load limit; thus...
Abstract
The types of metal components used in lifting equipment include gears, shafts, drums and sheaves, brakes, brake wheels, couplings, bearings, wheels, electrical switchgear, chains, wire rope, and hooks. This article primarily deals with many of these metal components of lifting equipment in three categories: cranes and bridges, attachments used for direct lifting, and built-in members of lifting equipment. It first reviews the mechanisms, origins, and investigation of failures. Then the article describes the materials used for lifting equipment, followed by a section explaining the failure analysis of wire ropes and the failure of wire ropes due to corrosion, a common cause of wire-rope failure. Further, it reviews the characteristics of shock loading, abrasive wear, and stress-corrosion cracking of a wire rope. Then, the article provides information on the failure analysis of chains, hooks, shafts, and cranes and related members.
Book Chapter
Corrosion in Workboats and Recreational Boats
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004139
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... hulls in freshwater use magnesium anodes because of the lower conductivity of the water; in saltwater, zinc anodes are used. Ferrocement Hulls Ferrocement hulls consist of a mild steel and wire mesh armature, plastered with Portland cement. Proper plastering mix and application will avoid future...
Abstract
This article focuses on the corrosion and deterioration of components on recreational and small workboats. It discusses the materials selection and corrosion control for the components. These components include hulls, fittings, fasteners, metal deck gear, winches, backing plates, lifeline supports, inboard engines, cooling systems, propulsion systems, electrical and electronic systems, plumbing systems, masts, spars, and rigging.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001017
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... in the article under their quality descriptions or commodity names. These include low-carbon steel wire for general usage, wire for structural applications, wire for packaging and container applications, wire for prestressed concrete, wire for electrical or conductor applications, rope wire, mechanical spring...
Abstract
This article begins with an overview of steel wire configurations and sizes followed by a discussion on various wiremaking practices. The wiredrawing operation is discussed, including cleaning, die design, use of lubricants and welds, finishes, coating, and thermal treatments. Metallic coatings can be applied to wire by various methods, including hot dip processes, electrolytic process, and metal cladding by rolling metallic strip over the wire. These wires are normally grouped into broad usage categories. These categories, as well as some items in each category, are described in the article under their quality descriptions or commodity names. These include low-carbon steel wire for general usage, wire for structural applications, wire for packaging and container applications, wire for prestressed concrete, wire for electrical or conductor applications, rope wire, mechanical spring wire for general use, wire for fasteners, mechanical spring wire for special applications, upholstery spring construction wire, and alloy wire.
Book Chapter
Corrosion in the Mining and Mineral Industry
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004219
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... cast iron, hard cast irons Wire rope Corrosive-abrasive, pH 2–12 Kevlar (E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, DE), steel wire rope Piping Corrosive-abrasive Type 316 stainless steel, CN-7M, Ni-hard cast irons, rubber covered fiberglass-reinforced plastic Scrubbers Off-gas products...
Abstract
This article describes the corrosion of principal parts of mining equipment such as mine shafts, wire rope, rock bolts, and pump and piping systems. It discusses the diagnosis and prevention of various types of corrosion including uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, erosion-corrosion, and intergranular corrosion. The article explains the corrosion in tanks, reactor vessels, cyclic loading machinery, and pressure leaching equipment.
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 4 13-mm ( 1 2 -in.) diam 18 × 7 fiber-core improved plow steel nonrotating wire rope that failed in bending fatigue. The rope was operated over a sheave that was too small in diameter.
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Image
Composite micrograph of a transverse section through a type 303(Se) stainle...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 10 Composite micrograph of a transverse section through a type 303(Se) stainless steel eye terminal for a wire rope showing corroded crack surface and final-fracture region. 75×
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Book Chapter
Copper Wire and Cable
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003133
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... wire through a die is a much more modern development. Development of wiredrawing processes during the Middle Ages concentrated to a large extent on drawing iron and steel wires to make pins and instrument strings. But with the invention of the electric telegraph in 1847 came the requirement for long...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the classification system of coppers for conductors and for wires and cables, as well as wire rod fabrication techniques such as rolling and continuous casting. Wiredrawing and wire stranding operations, including the preparation of rod surface, drawing, production of flat rectangular wire, annealing, and coating, are discussed. The article also provides information on electrical insulation and jacketing techniques, including polymeric insulation, enamel insulation, and paper-and-oil insulation.
Book Chapter
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Military Environments
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004130
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... for seven-strand carbon steel cable used as wire rope and as highlines. Each cable is made of six strands wrapped around a central core. When cable is used as rope or highline, the cable is coated with thick maintenance grease, threaded onto wooden spools ( Fig. 3a – c ), and wrapped in brown paper...
Abstract
This article focuses on microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of military assets. It discusses the mechanisms of MIC in hydrocarbon fuels and atmospheric, immersion, and buried environments with specific examples. The article describes the behavior of metals and alloys, namely, copper alloy, nickel alloy, titanium and titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, stainless steels, and carbon steel in immersion environments.
Book Chapter
Fretting Wear Failures
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003562
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... in the rotor. These problems in turbines and generators are discussed in Ref 10 . Steel ropes are used widely as mooring ropes, haulage ropes, mining ropes, and on cable cars. Overhead power lines are in effect ropes made up of aluminum wires wound on a steel support rope; more recently, they have been...
Abstract
This article reviews the general characteristics of fretting wear in mechanical components with an emphasis on steel. It focuses on the effects of physical variables and the environment on fretting wear. The variables include the amplitude of slip, normal load, frequency of vibration, type of contact and vibration, impact fretting, surface finish, and residual stresses. The form, composition, and role of the debris are briefly discussed. The article also describes the measurement, mechanism, and prevention of fretting wear. It concludes with several examples of failures related to fretting wear.
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