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    Topics

    ASM Taxonomy
    • Characterization, testing, and analysis
      • Chemical analysis
        •  
          Electrochemical measurement techniques
        • Wet analytical chemistry
          •  
            Chromatography
          •  
            Gravimetry
      • Corrosion testing
        •  
          Aqueous corrosion testing (2)
        •  
          Atmospheric corrosion testing (2)
        • Electrochemical corrosion testing
          •  
            Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (4)
          •  
            Electrochemical noise technique (1)
          • Electrochemical polarization technique
            • Potentiodynamic technique
              •  
                Cathodic potentiodynamic polarization testing (1)
              •  
                Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization technique (1)
              •  
                Electrochemical polarization resistance method (1)
            • Potentiostatic technique
              •  
                Potentiostatic deaeration (1)
          •  
            Galvanic corrosion testing (1)
        •  
          Salt spray testing (3)
        • Stress corrosion cracking testing
          •  
            Constant load testing (2)
          •  
            Constant-strain testing
        •  
          Tribocorrosion testing (1)
      • Design synthesis and analysis
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            •  
              Stress analysis (17)
        • Engineering design
          • Materials design
            • Mechanistic modeling
              • Atomistic modeling
                •  
                  Density functional theory (2)
            • Microstructure modeling
              • Crystal-scale simulation
                •  
                  Single-crystal modeling (1)
          •  
            Materials selection
      • Diffraction techniques
        • X-ray diffraction
          •  
            X-ray powder diffraction (2)
      • Measuring and testing instruments
        • Microscopes
          • Electron microscopes
            •  
              Scanning electron microscopes (3)
        •  
          NDT instruments
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              •  
                Galvanically coupled crevice cell (1)
          • Temperature sensors
            • Thermometers
              •  
                On-line radiation thermometers (1)
        • Spectrometers
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            •  
              Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers (1)
        • Transducers
          •  
            Piezoelectric transducers (1)
      • Mechanical testing
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          •  
            Cantilever beam bend testing (1)
        • Bond testing
          •  
            Adhesion testing
        •  
          Compression testing
        • Creep testing
          •  
            Creep crack growth testing (1)
        • Fatigue testing
          •  
            Corrosion fatigue testing (2)
          •  
            Fatigue crack-growth testing (1)
          • Tensile fatigue testing
            • Small-crack testing
              •  
                Crack-notched specimen (1)
        •  
          Formability testing
        • Fracture resistance testing
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            •  
              Single-tooth impact testing (1)
        • Hardenability testing
          •  
            Jominy end-quench testing (1)
        •  
          Hardness testing
        • Rheological testing
          •  
            Particle analysis (5)
        • Shear testing
          •  
            High strain rate shear testing
        • Stress-strain testing
          • Stress testing
            •  
              Residual stress analysis
            •  
              Stress rupture testing (4)
        • Tensile testing
          •  
            Slow-strain rate tension testing (2)
        •  
          Torsion testing
      • Metallography
        •  
          Field metallography (1)
        •  
          Macrostructural evaluation (15)
        •  
          Metallographic sectioning (1)
        • Metallographic specimen
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            •  
              Mounting (13)
            •  
              Sectioning (12)
        •  
          Micrograph (26)
        •  
          Microstructural analysis (11)
        •  
          Optical metallography (1)
      • Microscopy
        •  
          Acoustic microscopy
        •  
          Deep-field microscopy (1)
        • Electron microscopy
          •  
            Electron probe X-ray microanalysis (1)
          •  
            Scanning electron microscopy
          •  
            Transmission electron microscopy
        • Force microscopy
          •  
            Atomic force microscopy (3)
        • Optical light microscopy
          •  
            Bright-field microscopy (1)
          •  
            Dark-field microscopy (1)
          •  
            Electron probe microanalysis (2)
          • Interference microscopy
            •  
              Differential interference contrast microscopy (1)
          •  
            Phase contrast microscopy (1)
          •  
            Photomacrography
          •  
            Photomicrography (1)
          •  
            Polarized light microscopy (1)
        •  
          Scanning acoustic microscopy
        • Scanning probe microscopy
          •  
            Scanning tunneling microscopy
      • Modeling tools and methods
        •  
          Computational fluid dynamics (2)
        •  
          Computer-aided design
        • Constitutive modeling
          • Finite element analysis
            •  
              Boundary element method (1)
        •  
          Process modeling and simulation
      • Nondestructive testing
        • Acoustic nondestructive testing
          •  
            Acoustic emission testing
        • Electromagnetic nondestructive testing
          • Magnetic leakage field testing
            •  
              Magnetic particle inspection (12)
          •  
            Microwave testing
        • Industrial radiography
          •  
            Gamma radiography (2)
          •  
            Neutron radiography (2)
          •  
            X-ray radiography
        • Liquid penetrant inspection
          •  
            Fluorescent liquid penetrant inspection (1)
        • Optical nondestructive testing
          •  
            Fluorescence nondestructive testing (1)
        •  
          Thermal inspection
        • Ultrasonic inspection
          • Contact ultrasonic testing
            •  
              Pulse echo ultrasonic method
          •  
            Guided wave ultrasonic testing (2)
        •  
          Visual inspection (20)
      • Performance testing
        • Aging testing
          •  
            Accelerated aging testing (1)
        • Corrosion performance testing
          •  
            Accelerated corrosion testing (1)
        • Damage tolerance testing
          •  
            Durability testing (6)
          •  
            Fatigue life testing (4)
        • Life assessment testing
          •  
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          •  
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        •  
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          •  
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        •  
          Magnetic testing (3)
        •  
          Optical testing (1)
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        • Inspection
          •  
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        • Quality indicators
          •  
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        • Quality metrics
          • Accuracy
            •  
              Dimensional accuracy (1)
          •  
            Resolution (1)
          •  
            Sensitivity (3)
          •  
            Uncertainty (1)
        •  
          Quality planning tools
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          •  
            Sampling
      • Spectroscopy
        • Absorption spectroscopy
          •  
            Atomic absorption spectroscopy (1)
        • Emission spectroscopy
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            •  
              Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (1)
          •  
            Auger electron spectroscopy (5)
          •  
            Fluorescence spectroscopy
          •  
            Optical emission spectroscopy (4)
        • Mass spectroscopy
          •  
            Secondary ion mass spectrometry
        • Scattering and reflectance spectroscopy
          •  
            Ion scattering spectroscopy
          •  
            Raman spectroscopy (2)
          •  
            X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (3)
        • Vibrational spectroscopy
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            •  
              Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
        • X-ray spectroscopy
          •  
            Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (2)
      • Surface analysis
        •  
          Eddy current inspection
        • Roughness testing
          •  
            Profilometry (1)
        •  
          Scratch hardness testing (2)
        •  
          Surface area analysis
        •  
          X-ray diffraction topography (1)
      • Thermal analysis
        •  
          Differential thermal analysis (1)
        •  
          Thermogravimetric analysis (1)
        •  
          Thermophysical property testing
      • Tribological testing
        • Erosion testing
          •  
            Cavitation erosion testing (1)
        • Lubricant testing
          •  
            Ferrography (1)
        • Wear testing
          • Abrasion wear testing
            •  
              Fretting wear testing (1)
            •  
              Galling testing (1)
          • Sliding wear testing
            •  
              Pin-on-disk testing (1)
    • Composites
      • Carbon-matrix composites
        •  
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      • Cemented carbides
        •  
          WC-Co cemented carbides (1)
      •  
        Ceramic-matrix composites
      • Cermets
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          • Titanium carbide cermets
            •  
              Steel-bonded titanium carbide cermets (1)
      • Composite forms
        • Composite laminates
          •  
            Aramid aluminum laminates (1)
        • Sandwich structures
          •  
            Composite panels
          •  
            Honeycomb structures
      • Composite matrices
        • Organic matrices
          •  
            Thermoplastic matrices (1)
          •  
            Thermosetting matrices (1)
      • Metal-matrix composites
        • Aluminum-matrix composites
          •  
            Aluminum-beryllium composites (1)
        •  
          Depleted-uranium-matrix composites (1)
        •  
          Magnesium-matrix composites (1)
        •  
          Zinc-matrix composites (1)
      • Polymer-matrix composites
        •  
          Reinforced plastics
        • Thermoplastic-matrix composites
          •  
            Polyphenylene sulfide (1)
      • Reinforcement materials
        • Fibers
          •  
            Carbon fibers
          • Ceramic fibers
            •  
              Glass fibers
          •  
            Polymer fibers
        • Molding compounds
          •  
            Bulk molding compounds (1)
          •  
            Injection molding compounds (1)
          •  
            Sheet molding compounds (1)
        •  
          Whiskers
      • Reinforcement structures
        • Fiber-reinforced composites
          •  
            Carbon-fiber-reinforced composites
          •  
            Fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites
          •  
            Refractory-metal-fiber reinforced composites (1)
    • Elements, phases, and transformation structures
      •  
        Alloy systems
      • Elements
        • Actinide metals
          •  
            Uranium (2)
        • Alkali metals
          •  
            Sodium (1)
        • Alkaline earth metals
          •  
            Calcium (1)
        •  
          Halogens
        • Metalloids
          •  
            Boron (8)
          •  
            Selenium (1)
          •  
            Silicon (4)
          •  
            Tellurium (1)
        • Post-transition metals
          •  
            Bismuth (1)
          •  
            Indium (1)
        •  
          Precious metals
        • Rare earth metals
          •  
            Cerium (1)
        • Reactive nonmetals
          •  
            Carbon (5)
          •  
            Chlorine (3)
          •  
            Hydrogen (3)
          •  
            Nitrogen (2)
          •  
            Oxygen (1)
          •  
            Sulfur (3)
        • Refractory metals
          •  
            Manganese (2)
        • Transition metals
          •  
            Cadmium (1)
          •  
            Iron (15)
          •  
            Mercury (1)
      • Phase
        • Phase constituents
          • Austenite
            •  
              Retained austenite (1)
          •  
            Bainite (1)
          •  
            Cementite
          •  
            Ferrite
          • Intermetallic phases
            •  
              Sigma phase (1)
          •  
            Martensite (1)
          •  
            Pearlite (3)
        • Phase diagrams
          •  
            Binary phase diagram
          • Constitution diagrams
            •  
              Schaeffler diagram (1)
          •  
            Ternary phase diagram
          •  
            Unary phase diagram (1)
        • Time-temperature transformation diagram
          •  
            Continuous cooling transformation diagram (2)
      • Phase states
        •  
          Liquid
        • Solid
          •  
            Intermediate phases (1)
          • Metastable phases
            •  
              Coherent precipitates (1)
            •  
              Semicoherent precipitates (1)
          •  
            Solid solution
      • Phase transformations
        • Isothermal transformation
          • Liquid-solid phase transformation
            •  
              Eutectic transformation (1)
            •  
              Peritectic transformation (1)
          • Solid state phase transformation
            •  
              Precipitation (6)
        • Solidification
          •  
            Cooling
          • Crystallization
            •  
              Crystal growth (2)
            •  
              Grain growth (1)
            • Nucleation
              •  
                Void nucleation (1)
          • Segregation
            •  
              Microsegregation (2)
        • Transformation temperature
          •  
            Liquidus temperature (1)
      • Structures
        •  
          Atomic structure
        • Crystal structure
          •  
            Body-centered cubic (1)
          • Crystal defects
            • Line defects
              •  
                Dislocations
            • Planar defects
              •  
                Grain boundaries
              •  
                Twinning
            •  
              Point defects
          •  
            Crystallographic orientation
          • Crystallographic texture
            •  
              Crystallographic anisotropy (1)
          • Hexagonal crystal system
            •  
              Hexagonal close packed (1)
          • Unit cell
            •  
              Crystal size (1)
        • Grain morphology
          •  
            Grain orientation (1)
        •  
          Grain structure
        •  
          Microstructure
    • Failure mechanisms and analysis
      • Corrosion
        • Aqueous corrosion
          •  
            Acidic corrosion
          • Chemical corrosion
            •  
              Electrochemical corrosion (4)
          •  
            Velocity-affected corrosion (1)
          • Waterside corrosion
            •  
              Seawater corrosion (4)
        • Atmospheric corrosion
          •  
            Dew-point corrosion (1)
          •  
            Tarnish (4)
        • Environmental degradation
          • Chemical degradation
            • Polymer degradation
              •  
                Environmental cracking (1)
        • Environmentally induced corrosion
          •  
            Fireside corrosion
          •  
            Processing-induced corrosion (1)
          •  
            Stress-induced corrosion
        • High-temperature corrosion
          •  
            Gaseous corrosion (2)
          •  
            Hot corrosion
          •  
            Molten salt corrosion (4)
          •  
            Waterwall corrosion (1)
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          •  
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            •  
              Filiform corrosion (5)
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              •  
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          •  
            Pitting corrosion (37)
        • Mechanically assisted corrosion
          • Erosion corrosion
            •  
              Cavitation corrosion (6)
            •  
              Fretting corrosion (9)
          •  
            Tribocorrosion (3)
        • Metallurgically influenced corrosion
          • Dealloying corrosion
            •  
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            •  
              Denickelification (1)
            •  
              Desiliconification (1)
            •  
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            •  
              Graphitic corrosion (4)
          •  
            Galvanic corrosion (28)
          • Intergranular corrosion
            •  
              Exfoliation corrosion (7)
          •  
            Weld corrosion (24)
        •  
          Oxidative degradation
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          •  
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          •  
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          •  
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        •  
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            •  
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          •  
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        •  
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          •  
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          •  
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            •  
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            •  
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            • Stress corrosion cracking
              •  
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              •  
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              •  
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          •  
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        • Creep deformation
          •  
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        •  
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          •  
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        •  
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          •  
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          •  
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          •  
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        •  
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        •  
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        •  
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      •  
        Failure mode and effects analysis
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        •  
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          •  
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        •  
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          •  
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        •  
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