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Image
Improvement of fatigue properties by the elimination of microporosity throu...
Available to Purchase
in Polycrystalline Cast Superalloys
> Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 15 Improvement of fatigue properties by the elimination of microporosity through HIP processing. Source: Ref 19
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Image
Influence of microporosity on the impact toughness of 1wt% Cr-0.25wt%. Mo c...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 9 Influence of microporosity on the impact toughness of 1wt% Cr-0.25wt%. Mo cast steel. Source: Ref 24
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Image
Scanning electron micrograph of the interdendritic microporosity associated...
Available to Purchase
in Metallography and Microstructures of Magnesium and Its Alloys
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 24 Scanning electron micrograph of the interdendritic microporosity associated with solidification defect shown in Figure 2(b) . Note the rounded appearance of the grains that solidified without proper metal feeding. Courtesy of B.R. Powell, General Motors Corporation
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Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 2 Steel 2 in Table 1 (grade B3). Microporosity in a 25 mm (1 in.) diam coupon taken from a 500 mm (20 in.) long, 375 mm (15 in.) wide, 100–200 (4–8 in.) thick wedge-block. The coupon was taken from the center of the casting and measured 0.48% porosity. The block average was 0.41
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Image
Comparison of predicted and measured microporosity in A356 castings using t...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2010
Fig. 9 Comparison of predicted and measured microporosity in A356 castings using the model of Zhu et al. Adapted from Ref 29
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Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003171
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Solidification is a comprehensive process of transformation of the melt of metals and alloys into a solid piece, involving formation of dendrites, segregation which involves change in composition, zone formation in final structure of the casting, and microporosity formation during...
Abstract
Solidification is a comprehensive process of transformation of the melt of metals and alloys into a solid piece, involving formation of dendrites, segregation which involves change in composition, zone formation in final structure of the casting, and microporosity formation during shrinkage. This article describes the imperfections in the solidification process including porosity, inclusions, oxide films, secondary phases, hot tears, and metal penetration. It talks about the purpose of the gating system and the risering system in the casting process.
Image
Typical porosity configurations in aluminum-silicon casting alloys. (a) Shr...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 2 Typical porosity configurations in aluminum-silicon casting alloys. (a) Shrinkage pore found within a casting. (b) Gas pore in an Al-8% Si alloy. (c) Microporosity (gas plus shrinkage). (d) Microporosity (gas plus shrinkage). Source: Ref 2
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Book Chapter
Modeling of Porosity Formation during Solidification
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005520
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
.... The combination of these two driving forces means that porosity, both as macroshrinkage and microporosity, can be found in most castings. The presence of porosity can be highly detrimental to the final mechanical properties of components ranging from continuous casting of steel alloys to aluminum alloy sand...
Abstract
There is a need for models that predict the percentage and size of porosity formed during solidification in order to effectively predict mechanical properties. This article provides an overview of equations that govern pore formation. It reviews the four classes of models, highlighting both the benefits and drawbacks of each class. These classes include criteria functions, analytical models, continuum models, and kinetic models. The article also tabulates the criteria functions for porosity prediction.
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Schematic diagram of the various physical processes involved in the formati...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2010
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the various physical processes involved in the formation of microporosity
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Image
Microstructure at the weld interface showing the presence of a nearly conti...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 August 2021
Fig. 54 Microstructure at the weld interface showing the presence of a nearly continuous ferrite band in which microporosity was observed. 2% nital etch
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Image
Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 20 In this sand casting, the 3 32 -in. wall froze with microporosity and shrinkage. By increasing the thickness to 5 32 in., defects were eliminated. Aluminum alloy 355
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Image
in Preparation and Microstructural Analysis of High-Performance Ceramics
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 25 Scanning electron micrograph of hot isostatically pressed Si 3 N 4 (HIPSN) after plasma etching, shown at a magnification sufficient to reveal microporosity.
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Image
Effects of superimposed pressure on density loss, measured after strip draw...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2005
Fig. 3 Effects of superimposed pressure on density loss, measured after strip drawing. Increased pressure reduces density loss due to inhibition of nucleation/growth of microporosity. Source: Ref 51
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Percentage porosity predictions by Kubo et al. illustrating how the sudden ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2010
Fig. 4 Percentage porosity predictions by Kubo et al. illustrating how the sudden drop in metallostatic pressure when the solid fraction exceeds 0.8 causes the prediction of rapid growth of microporosity in an Al-4.5Cu plate. Adapted from Ref 13
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Image
Microstructures of (a) AM60 and (b) AZ91D high-pressure die cast specimens ...
Available to Purchase
in Metallography and Microstructures of Magnesium and Its Alloys
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 11 Microstructures of (a) AM60 and (b) AZ91D high-pressure die cast specimens after etching with acetic-glycol. The matrix appears light, with the eutectic phase slightly darker. The large black areas (arrows) are microporosity due to entrapped gas and solidification shrinkage. Courtesy
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ASTM F-75, solution annealed at 1220 °C (2230 °F), electropolished and unet...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 3 ASTM F-75, solution annealed at 1220 °C (2230 °F), electropolished and unetched. Same sample as Fig. 2 , showing carbides nearly completely dissolved. Also shown is distributed microporosity, carbide-free grain boundary, and triple point in the face-centered cubic matrix. Original
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Image
(a) Predicted difference ween gas and local pressure in a steel casting, wi...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2010
Fig. 7 (a) Predicted difference ween gas and local pressure in a steel casting, with the greatest difference indicating the highest chance of microporosity formation. (b) For the same casting, a process map shows how increasing hydrogen or nitrogen content increases the chance of pore
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Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 2 Additional views of the failed cylinder head shown in Fig. 1 . (a) Fracture surface observed when the crack shown in Fig. 1 was opened. 0.5×. (b) Specimen taken from area adjacent to the vent plug showing microporosity. Etched with 2% nital. 100×. (c) Same as (b), but at a higher
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Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 3 Additional views of the failed cylinder head shown in Fig. 2 . (a) Fracture surface observed when the crack shown in Fig. 2 was opened. Original magnification: 0.5×. (b) Specimen taken from area adjacent to the vent plug showing microporosity. Etched with 2% nital. Original
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Image
(a) The scaling factor (σ 0 ) indicates the strength (98.5 MPa, or 14.3 ksi...
Available to PurchasePublished: 12 September 2022
to the presence of highly interconnected microporosities. Reprinted from Ref 9 with permission from Elsevier
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