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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003510
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... It also provides information on the methods of minimizing distortion and tempering. The article concludes with a discussion on the effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure/property-related failures. cooling cracking distortion heat treatment metallurgical crystal structure...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005842
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... the service life of inductors used in various induction heating and heat treating applications. Understanding a broad spectrum of factors associated with failure modes of induction coils is an important step in designing and fabricating long-lasting inductors, preventing their premature failures...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006797
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... of the 17-7 PH Belleville washers, all sublots attained the required strength when the solution-treating temperature was lowered to 870 °C (1600 °F). Faulty Heat Treatment Mistakes made in heat treating hardenable alloys are among the most common causes of premature failure. Temperatures...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003573
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... the required strength when the solution-treating temperature was lowered to 870 °C (1600 °F). Faulty Heat Treatment Mistakes made in heat treating hardenable alloys are among the most common causes of premature failure. Temperatures that are either too high or too low can result in the development...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004102
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... of oxygen concentration differential cell corrosion. Another challenge is the presence of microorganisms in the raw water that may contribute to MIC, which can cause failures in service water piping and heat exchangers. Types of bacteria related to MIC include sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), acid...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0005721
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... science, physical metallurgy, mechanical metallurgy, extractive metallurgy, melting and casting, forming and forging, powder metallurgy, heat treating, machining and grinding, welding and joining (brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding), surface engineering (cleaning, finishing, and coating technology...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005343
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... environments can aid in the interpretation of the data. The heat treatment and service history is important for stress-related failures since the fracture mode can be influenced by the prior thermal treatments or anomalous operating conditions. It is important to know the process and service history...
Book Chapter

By Jon L. Dossett
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006816
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... flaws can be a contributing factor to furnace-treated failures blamed on the heat treating process. Surface defects can generally be removed by machining. If not removed, they can have dramatic results during surface heat treatments by short-duration processes, such as flame, induction, laser...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006831
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... operations. Secondary operations such as heat treating, machining, coating, and joining can present conditions that may cause the casting to fail. These issues are left to other articles in this Volume to address. This article is dedicated to those issues related to failures caused by production and intended...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007018
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... Abstract Quenching is one of the most important heat treating processes, because it is so closely related to dimensional control requirements and control of residual stresses. This article provides an overview of the fundamental material- and process-related parameters of quenching on residual...
Book Chapter

By Bo Hu
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007027
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... secondary operations such as heat treatment, steam treatment, machining, resin impregnation, copper infiltration, and plating to achieve the desired material properties, dimensions, and design features. Fracture failures of a part found in processing and applications are often identified as: Green...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005867
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... dimensions through heat treat included the use of high-pressure die quenching, which has now been employed for many decades. Another technique used for gears in a furnace carburizing process has been to machine them to a “green spec” such that the heat treat distortion would bring gears to the correct final...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005839
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
...; for this reason, many quench designs for heat treating have quench holes between 2.5 and 3.2 mm ( 3 32 and 1 8 in.) diameter. Figure 26 shows a typical scanning quench hole arrangement. The hole size is related to the shaft or workpiece diameter, as well as a quenching area...
Book Chapter

By Debbie Aliya
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003746
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... required when planning to cross section a damaged component. In fracture analysis, for example, the fracture area must be carefully protected. The failure analyst must also consider where the high-stress locations or imperfections in a given component might be. Since most heat treat shop floor employees...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001018
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... considering the use of class 12.8 or 12.9 bolts and screws. Capability of the bolt manufacturer, as well as the anticipated in-use environment, should be considered. High-strength products such as class 12.9 require rigid control of heat-treating operations and careful monitoring of as-quenched hardness...
Book Chapter

By George F. Vander Voort
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001814
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
...-working and hot-working applications. It reviews problems introduced during mechanical design, materials selection, machining, heat treating, finish grinding, and tool and die operation. The brittle fracture of rehardened high-speed steels is also considered. Finally, failures due to seams or laps...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005967
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract Of the various thermal processing methods for steel, heat treating has the greatest overall impact on control of residual stress and on dimensional control. This article provides an overview of the effects of material- and process-related parameters on the various types of failures...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005974
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... hardening (meaning more intense carbide precipitation), the higher the tempering resistance of hot-work tool steels. Such precipitation intensity depends on the amount of alloy elements in solid solution, which is related to the alloy composition and heat treating practice. Figure 3 ( Ref 1 ) explains...
Book Chapter

By K. Arimoto
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005938
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... treatment simulation mechanical properties quench cracking quenchants steel temper embrittlement tool steel HEAT TREATING is done to not only optimize microstructure formation and residual stress distribution, but also to reduce quench distortion and prevent quench cracking. Many studies...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002395
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... on mill sheet reports) do not necessarily correlate with actual fatigue limits, because typical mechanical properties may be based on heat treatment and test coupon properties that may not apply to the actual situation. Fig. 14 Relation of tensile strength and fatigue limit for stainless steels...