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Kendall J. Hollis
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Howard W. Penrose
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Robert A. Watson, Bo Jönsson, George A. Fielding, Donald V. Cunningham, C. Dean Starr
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American Welding Society, G.R. Spies, G.C. Barnes, K.L. Brown, W. Beisner ...
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Image
Schematic of General Electric's clean metal spray forming concept. Source: ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 September 2015
Image
Published: 30 September 2015
Image
Schematics of test apparatuses using piezo-electric ceramics to generate fa...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2000
Fig. 12 Schematics of test apparatuses using piezo-electric ceramics to generate fatigue loading of ceramic beam specimens. Source: Ref 75 , 76
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Image
Spray pattern generated by two electrically charged wires melted at the noz...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1993
Fig. 5 Spray pattern generated by two electrically charged wires melted at the nozzle of an arc spraying gun
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Image
Published: 01 January 2001
Image
General Electric stress rule index evaluation of 93 pipe-cracking incidents...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 8 General Electric stress rule index evaluation of 93 pipe-cracking incidents. Source: Ref 42
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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001764
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... is important to lithography of submicron structure Sharply pulsed-time structure Synchrotron radiation was discovered experimentally at the General Electric 70 MeV betatron in 1947 ( Ref 29 ). A detailed historical account of this discovery is cited in Ref 30 . The spectral distribution...
Abstract
This article provides an introduction to extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). It describes the fundamentals of EXAFS with an emphasis on the physical mechanism, the single-scattering approximation, and multiple-scattering effects. The article discusses the use of synchrotron radiation as the x-ray source for EXAFS experiments. It also describes the typical EXAFS data analysis of pure nickel at 90 K, and explains the near-edge structure analysis of vanadium. The article presents a discussion on the unique features and applications of EXAFS.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001763
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... X.Ray and Neutron Scattering D.G. LeGrand, Polymer Physics and Engineering Branch, Corporate Research and Development, General Electric Company General Uses The cause of the scattering and the shape of the Detection of heterogeneities in solids and liquids scattering species cannot be determined...
Abstract
This article presents the experimental and theoretical aspects of small-angle scattering, and discusses specific applications used in the characterization of metals, glasses, polymers, and ceramics. The basic methods of collimating x-rays, the cause of smearing from a line source, desmearing parameters, and the types of scattering curves are illustrated.
Image
Failure assessment diagram (R6 curve) as proposed by the United Kingdom Cen...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Failure assessment diagram (R6 curve) as proposed by the United Kingdom Central Electricity Generating Board. SF, safety factor; σ, applied stress; σ y , yield strength; a, crack length; W, panel width
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Image
Failure assessment diagrams used to evaluate the elastic-plastic behavior o...
Available to Purchase
in Failure Prevention through Life Assessment of Structural Components and Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 16 Failure assessment diagrams used to evaluate the elastic-plastic behavior of structures to estimate safe operation. (a) The Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) R6 curve. If a point describing the state of a component or structure falls below the R6 curve, then the structure
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004160
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... to be about 350 in total, can develop water leaks ( Ref 5 ). These leaks allow cooling water to penetrate the coil insulation, reducing the dielectric strength of the insulation, eventually causing a phase-to-ground electrical fault in the generator. This will trip the unit off-line. Consequential damage...
Abstract
This article reviews the generator industry experience with stress-corrosion cracking of 18Mn-5Cr alloy retaining rings. It provides a description of corrosion of magnetic retaining rings. The article also discusses the primary repair alternatives to address crevice-corrosion cracking in water-cooled generators.
Book Chapter
Nuclear Industry Applications for Thermal Spray
Available to PurchaseBook: Thermal Spray Technology
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005711
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... (>700 MW electric) nuclear fission power plants using the steam Rankine cycle to generate electricity. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency ( Ref 1 ), there are currently more than 400 nuclear plants operating worldwide, producing approximately 15% of the world's electricity. In addition...
Abstract
Nuclear power plants benefit from thermal spray coatings for corrosion and erosion minimization and dimensional restoration of worn parts. This article provides a detailed discussion on the advantages of thermal spray coatings, fission reactor component coatings, and coatings for nuclear fuel processing before and after irradiation for power plant applications. Nuclear fusion research is divided into two primary fields of study categorized by the method for confining the fusion fuel: magnetic confinement fusion and inertial confinement fusion.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006035
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... The BWR has only a single coolant loop ( Fig. 1 ). Water pressurized to approximately 7 MPa (1000 psi) is boiled within the reactor at approximately 290 °C (550 °F). The steam produced in the reactor is sent directly to a steam turbine that drives an electric generator. After passing through the turbine...
Abstract
Surface coatings are essential in all facilities that process nuclear materials or use nuclear fission for power generation. This article describes the coatings used in two basic types of Generation 3 nuclear reactor designs in the United States and their containment size. These reactors are the boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR). The article provides information on the loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) identified as the design basis accident (DBA), which can rapidly de-water the core of an operating nuclear reactor. To avoid LOCA, both the BWR and the PWR include emergency core cooling systems. The article describes a DBA test and other coating performance parameters necessary for safety-related coating systems. It provides a detailed account of the selection criteria of coating types in a nuclear plant. The article concludes by highlighting protective coating strategies in Generation 3 Plants.
Book Chapter
Electrical and Motor-Current Signature Analysis
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006430
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... for ESA measurements and illustrates the evaluation of broken rotor bars and a broken shaft. It describes the detection of faults in bearings using ESA and provides information on the investigation of gearboxes and related components in a wind generator. bearings electrical signature analysis...
Abstract
Through detection of the wear, risk assessment can be performed, along with a related time to failure estimation through technologies such as electrical signature analysis (ESA) and motor current signature analysis. This article discusses the principle of operation of data collectors for ESA measurements and illustrates the evaluation of broken rotor bars and a broken shaft. It describes the detection of faults in bearings using ESA and provides information on the investigation of gearboxes and related components in a wind generator.
Book Chapter
Electrical Resistance Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001096
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Abstract Electrical resistance alloys include those types used in instruments, control equipment, heating elements, and devices that convert heat generated to mechanical energy. This article discusses the basic classification of electrical resistance alloys (resistance alloys, heating alloys...
Abstract
Electrical resistance alloys include those types used in instruments, control equipment, heating elements, and devices that convert heat generated to mechanical energy. This article discusses the basic classification of electrical resistance alloys (resistance alloys, heating alloys, and thermostat metals), their subtypes, properties, service life, and operating temperatures. It describes the designing and fabrication of open resistance and sheathed heaters. The article contains a collection of tables and graphs that provide information on the mechanical properties, chemical composition, temperature coefficient of resistance, furnace operating temperatures, length and spacing of loops, ribbon size, and electrical capacity of heating elements.
Book Chapter
Electroslag Remelting
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005201
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... through the starter plate, and then to the stool. In hot slag starts, the slag is melted externally by electric arc in graphite crucibles. The molten slag is introduced, generally through a bottom mousehole, into the crucible. The electrode is lowered into the slag, and melting commences. Although...
Abstract
Electroslag remelting (ESR) is commonly used to produce the highest levels of quality in plate steels, particularly in thick plates. This article provides an overview of the ESR and discusses the major components and operations of the ESR furnaces. It describes the principles of ingot solidification and the various defects of remelted ingot such as tree ring patterns, freckles, and white spots. The article explains several variations of ESR such as pressure electroslag remelting, remelting under reduced pressure, and electroslag rapid remelting. It also examines the features of steel ESR and superalloy ESR.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001003
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... as-cast ductile iron. A ductile iron generally has higher hardenability than a eutectoid steel with comparable alloy content. The article also discusses the physical properties of ductile iron, including density, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, electrical resistivity, and magnetic...
Abstract
This article discusses the compositions, properties, and typical applications for ductile irons that are defined by U.S. and international standards . It describes the various methods used to test and inspect the metallurgical control processes in ductile iron production. The article discusses the effect of composition, graphite shape, and section size on the properties of ductile iron. The article also describes the mechanical properties of ductile iron at elevated temperatures. The heat treatment of ductile iron castings produces a significant difference in mechanical properties from as-cast ductile iron. A ductile iron generally has higher hardenability than a eutectoid steel with comparable alloy content. The article also discusses the physical properties of ductile iron, including density, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, electrical resistivity, and magnetic properties. Ductile iron has been chosen in many instances on the basis of significantly lower machining costs, which resulted in lower overall cost of the part.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001363
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a process in which faying surfaces are joined in one or more spots by the heat generated by resistance to the flow of electric current through workpieces that are held together under force by electrodes. This article discusses the major advantages...
Abstract
Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a process in which faying surfaces are joined in one or more spots by the heat generated by resistance to the flow of electric current through workpieces that are held together under force by electrodes. This article discusses the major advantages of spot welding and the three principal elements, such as electrical circuit, control circuit, and mechanical system, of RSW machines. It reviews the three basic types of RSW machines: pedestal-type welding machines, portable welding guns, and multiple spot welding machines. The article provides information on weldabilily of uncoated steels and zinc-coated steels, as well as aluminum alloys.
Book Chapter
Safe Practices
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001487
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... The temperatures encountered in oxyfuel gas welding and cutting are lower than those found in electric arc processes. Consequently, the quantity of fumes generated is normally lower. The gases formed are reaction products of fuel gas combustion and of chemical reactions between the gases and the other materials...
Abstract
Safety is an important consideration in all welding, cutting, and related work. This article discusses the basic elements of safety general to all welding, cutting, and related processes. It includes safety procedures common to a variety of applications. The most important component of an effective safety and health program is management support and direction. The article reviews the role of management, training, housekeeping, and public demonstrations in welding safety to minimize personal injury and property damage. It provides information on the safety measures for eye and face protection in various welding and cutting operations. Injuries and fatalities from electric shock in welding and cutting operations can occur if proper precautionary measures are not followed. The article discusses the electrical safety aspects to be considered for various welding and cutting operations.
Book Chapter
Electrical Resistance Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003156
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Electrical resistance alloys used to control or regulate electrical properties are called resistance alloys, and those used to generate heat are referred to as heating alloys. This article covers both alloy types, describing the construction and use of resistors as well as heating...
Abstract
Electrical resistance alloys used to control or regulate electrical properties are called resistance alloys, and those used to generate heat are referred to as heating alloys. This article covers both alloy types, describing the construction and use of resistors as well as heating elements. It also discusses soldering and joining methods, sensitivity and stability factors, and various design coefficients. In addition, it provides a detailed account of the properties and applications of thermostat metals and discusses the design of resistance heaters and their operating ranges.
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