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Chlorine
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Book: Alloy Phase Diagrams
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 27 April 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v03.a0006155
EISBN: 978-1-62708-163-4
... Abstract This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which chlorine (Cl) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary...
Abstract
This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which chlorine (Cl) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004183
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article discusses the corrosion of metals and nonmetals by dry chlorine, refrigerated liquid chlorine, dry gaseous chlorine, moist chlorine, selected mixed gases with chlorine, and chlorine-water. It also provides information on the handling of commercial chlorine. dry...
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in Titanium Powder Metallurgy Products
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 2 Chlorine-induced porosity in a titanium BE compact. (a) Scanning electron microscopy photomicrograph of large-size residual porosity in a sectioned Ti-6Al-4V BE compact. (b) Transmission electron microscopy photomicrograph of a Ti-6Al-4V BE compact after postsintering HIP at 925 °C
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 1 Design guidelines for use in dry chlorine. Source: Ref 13
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 2 Monel 400 bonnet bolt extensively corroded by chlorine gas trapped beneath ice covering a valve in liquid chlorine service
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 3 Estimated water required to passivate unalloyed titanium in chlorine gas
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 14 General guidelines for several alloys for use in dry chlorine environment. Source: Ref 37
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 11 Flow diagram of a D 0 (ZE op )DP HT elemental chlorine-free bleaching sequence. The (ZE op ) stage in parenthesis denotes no wash between stages. In some instances, a chelation or acid-rinse step followed by a wash may be required prior to the P HT and P o stages.
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 7 Crack growth rate for 2205 in air, 3% NaCl, and 3% NaCl with 1 ppm chlorine. Frequency 0.8 Hz in air and 0.2 Hz in the aqueous environments, R = 0.5. Results with chlorine additions are from single tests only. Source: Ref 27
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 17 Impingement attack versus chlorine levels for three copper alloys with the effect of a ferrous ion inhibitor. (a) C70600. (b) C71500. (c) C71640
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Published: 01 January 1986
Fig. 2 Mass spectrum of pentachlorobiphenyl showing five chlorine and three chlorine patterns. Source: Ref 1
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in Corrosion in Supercritical Water—Waste Destruction Environments
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 6 Dealloying of a C276 alloy tube after exposure to an aggressive chlorinated environment at a high subcritical temperature. Original magnification 300×
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 20 Weight loss/corrosion data for C70600 cleaned by chlorinated sponge ball and sponge ball without chlorination
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 3 Molecular structure of a chlorinated rubber resin. Source: Ref 1
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in Service Lifetime Assessment of Polymeric Products
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 2 Degraded inner surface of a PP pipe at a crack caused by hot, chlorinated water
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004156
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract The presence of certain impurities in coal and oil is responsible for the majority of fireside corrosion experienced in utility boilers. In coal, the primary impurities are sulfur, alkali metals, and chlorine. The most detrimental impurities in fuel oil are vanadium, sodium, sulfur...
Abstract
The presence of certain impurities in coal and oil is responsible for the majority of fireside corrosion experienced in utility boilers. In coal, the primary impurities are sulfur, alkali metals, and chlorine. The most detrimental impurities in fuel oil are vanadium, sodium, sulfur, and chlorine. This article describes the two categories of fireside corrosion based on location in the furnace: waterwall corrosion in the lower furnace and fuel ash corrosion of superheaters and reheaters in the upper furnace. It discusses prevention methods, including changes to operating parameters and application of protective cladding or coatings.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004190
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... examines the corrosion problems in high-yield mechanical pulping, sulfite process, neutral sulfite semichemical pulping, chemical recovery, tall oil plants, wastewater treatment, and recovery boilers. It explains the stages of chlorine-based and nonchlorine bleaching, process water reuse for elemental...
Abstract
This article discusses the methods of pulp production, pulp processing, pulp bleaching, and paper manufacturing. It describes various types of digesters, their construction materials, the corrosion problems encountered, and methods to protect these digesters from corrosion. The article examines the corrosion problems in high-yield mechanical pulping, sulfite process, neutral sulfite semichemical pulping, chemical recovery, tall oil plants, wastewater treatment, and recovery boilers. It explains the stages of chlorine-based and nonchlorine bleaching, process water reuse for elemental chlorine-free and nonchlorine bleaching stages, selection of material for bleaching equipment, developments in oxygen bleaching, and the use of highly corrosion-resistant materials for bleach plant equipment. The article reviews the materials used in the construction of paper machine components and specific corrosion problems that affect them. It discusses the composition and corrosive nature of white water. The article also addresses the corrosion and chemical recovery associated with kraft pulping liquors.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004184
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
..., including chlorates, chlorides, chlorine/hypochlorite, mercury, sulfur, and iron. alkaline chemicals caustic soda caustic potash soda ash aluminum alloys iron carbon steel low-alloy steel stainless steel high-performance austenitic alloys nickel alloys copper alloys titanium alloys...
Abstract
True alkaline chemicals include caustic soda or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), caustic potash or potassium hydroxide (KOH), and soda ash or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). This article reviews alkaline chemicals and provides a basis for a general discussion on various alkaline exposures. It describes the corrosion effects of caustic soda on aluminum and aluminum alloys, iron and steel, carbon and low-alloy steels, stainless steels, high-performance austenitic alloys, nickel and nickel alloys, copper and copper alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, and zirconium and zirconium alloys. The article discusses the corrosion effects of caustic soda on nonmetallic materials: plastics, thermoplastics, thermosetting resin materials, carbon and graphite, and ceramics. It concludes with information on the effects of contamination of and by caustic and of admixtures of caustic with other chemicals, including chlorates, chlorides, chlorine/hypochlorite, mercury, sulfur, and iron.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004181
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract Hydrochloric acid (HCl) may contain traces of impurities that will change the aggressiveness of the solution. This article discusses the effects of impurities such as fluorides, ferric salts, cupric salts, chlorine, and organic solvents, in HCl. It describes the corrosion resistance...
Abstract
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) may contain traces of impurities that will change the aggressiveness of the solution. This article discusses the effects of impurities such as fluorides, ferric salts, cupric salts, chlorine, and organic solvents, in HCl. It describes the corrosion resistance of various metals and alloys in HCl, including carbon and alloy steels, austenitic stainless steels, standard ferritic stainless steels, nickel and nickel alloys, copper and copper alloys, corrosion-resistant cast iron, zirconium, titanium and titanium alloys, tantalum and its alloys, and noble metals. The article illustrates the effect of HCl on nonmetallic materials such as natural rubber, neoprene, thermoplastics, and reinforced thermoset plastics. It also tabulates the corrosion of various metals in dry hydrogen chloride.
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