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Boiler plate

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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 11 Creep-induced failure of a boiler plate. (a) A polished cross section of the plate that shows necking, a feature of short-term creep. 2×. (b) Intergranular voids (dark areas) in an area near the fracture surface. Courtesy of B. Gabriel, Packer Engineering Associates, Inc. More
Image
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 6 Photographs of boiler plates exhibiting caustic stress-corrosion cracking (arrows). Source: Ref 5 More
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 30 Recovery boiler sealed air ports. (a) Crack running along the heat-affected zone of a weld between a composite tube and a crotch plate in a spout opening. (b) Subsequent failure analysis found the crack penetrating into the carbon steel layer of the composite tube. More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006785
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... rivet holes and other areas of high stress when boiler water contained caustic soda (NaOH) or the boiler water chemistry was conducive to the formation of caustic soda ( Ref 4 ). In their 1926 paper, “The Cause and Prevention of Embrittlement of Boiler Plate,” researchers at the University of Illinois...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004159
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... and the deposition of soot ash can moderate the corrosive effects of deposited acids. In conventional boiler plants, the risk areas normally include the posteconomizer flue gas handling sections such as air heaters, ducting and precipitators, induced-draft fans, and chimney stacks. Dew-point corrosion problems...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004190
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... examines the corrosion problems in high-yield mechanical pulping, sulfite process, neutral sulfite semichemical pulping, chemical recovery, tall oil plants, wastewater treatment, and recovery boilers. It explains the stages of chlorine-based and nonchlorine bleaching, process water reuse for elemental...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006756
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... as a component that is no longer able to perform its intended function. This could apply at any time during the product life cycle. Damage does not necessarily mean failure. For example, power boiler superheater tubes undergo damage in the form of high-temperature degradation as the microstructure decomposes...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000605
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... of the steel during boiler start-up. Underneath the scale was a layer of metallic copper, an element often present as a feedwater impurity and which can plate out on the inner-diameter surfaces of boiler tubes. Overheating of the tubes to above 815 °C (1500 °F) caused accelerated diffusion of the copper along...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006825
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... Abstract Failures in boilers and other equipment taking place in power plants that use steam as the working fluid are discussed in this article. The discussion is mainly concerned with failures in Rankine cycle systems that use fossil fuels as the primary heat source. The general procedure...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004124
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... fuel cells, and missile components. This article discusses high-temperature corrosion in boilers, diesel engines, gas turbines, and waste incinerators. Boilers are affected by stress rupture failures, waterside corrosion failures, fireside corrosion failures, and environmental cracking failures...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001816
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article explains the main types and characteristic causes of failures in boilers and other equipment in stationary and marine power plants that use steam as the working fluid with examples. It focuses on the distinctive features of each type that enable the failure analyst...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002402
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... 1200 Tube, pipe … The 1 2 Cr- 1 2 Mo steel is produced to three strength levels and is approved in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) for service to 540 °C (1000 °F). The 1Cr- 1 2 Mo and 1 1 4 Cr- 1 2 Mo steels are produced in three...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006428
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... rub related damage. (f) Wear of combustor wear parts by gross slip sliding and impact Overview of Wear and Friction Issues in Steam Turbines Figure 2 gives a schematic illustration of a typical impulse steam turbine ( Ref 8 , 9 , 10 ). Steam from the boiler section is regulated...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007036
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... magnification: 2500×. (b) Ductile fracture of an ASTM A213 grade T11 alloy steel boiler tube near a welded joint to a header. Elongated dimples are characteristic of ductile fracture due to shear stress. Original magnification: 1000× Ductile fractures can also be characterized in a metallographic section...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000609
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... fracture, fracture by overpressurization, inclusion effect, fatigue crack propagation, ductile fatigue striation, secondary cracking, intergranular fracture, and elevated-temperature fracture of alloy steels used in pressure vessels, steam boiler superheater tubes, and box-girder bridges. alloy steel...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003701
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract The corrosion process that occurs in industrial systems is often difficult to discern until extensive deterioration has occurred. For boilers to function properly, the incoming water must be processed to meet the water quality required for the boiler. This article discusses...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... of carbon steel for alloy or stainless steel, or vice versa ( Ref 1 ). Summary of statistics on pressure vessel failures compiled from 1981 through 1984 by the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors Table 1 Summary of statistics on pressure vessel failures compiled from 1981 through...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005557
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
...: Section IX of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) “Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code” AWS B2.1, “Standard for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification” NAVSEA Technical Publication S9074-AQ-GIB-010/248, “Requirements for Welding and Brazing Procedure and Performance...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004152
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
...-to-tubesheet joint heater shell IN STEAM TURBINE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION PLANTS, turbine exhaust steam is condensed, and the condensate is reheated for return as feedwater to the boiler. Water from the condenser to the feedwater pump is called condensate, and from the pump to the boiler...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001474
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... of the most widely recognized codes, standards, and specifications that cover welding procedure qualification include: Section IX of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code American National Standards Institute/American Welding Society (ANSI/AWS) B2.1...