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Predicted temperature profiles for beryllium strip preheated to 760 °C (140...

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in Flat, Bar, and Shape Rolling > Metalworking: Bulk Forming
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 32 Predicted temperature profiles for beryllium strip preheated to 760 °C (1400 °F). Source: Ref 76 , 68 More
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Influence of aging time at 60 °C (140 °F) after quenching from 500 °C (930 ...

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in Embrittlement of Steels > Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 7 Influence of aging time at 60 °C (140 °F) after quenching from 500 °C (930 °F) on the hardness, particle size, and interparticle spacing for an Fe-0.02N alloy. Source: Ref 25 More
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Influence of aging time at 60 °C (140 °F) after quenching from 725 °C (1335...

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in Embrittlement of Steels > Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 8 Influence of aging time at 60 °C (140 °F) after quenching from 725 °C (1335 °F) on the tensile properties of an Fe-0.03C rimming alloy. (a) Tensile and yield strength. (b) Elongation and reduction in area. Source: Ref 25 More
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Influence of grain size and aging time at 60 °C (140 °F) on the mechanical ...

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in Embrittlement of Steels > Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 12 Influence of grain size and aging time at 60 °C (140 °F) on the mechanical property changes caused by strain aging. A 0.038C-0.0042N-0.001Al steel was quenched from 200 °C (390 °F), prestrained 4%, and tested after different aging times. Grain sizes, in grains/mm 2 (ASTM number), were More
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Hastelloy X solution annealed at 1175 °C (2150 °F). (a) Aged at 760 °C (140...

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in Heat Treatment of Wrought Nickel Alloys > Heat Treating of Nonferrous Alloys
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 19 Hastelloy X solution annealed at 1175 °C (2150 °F). (a) Aged at 760 °C (1400 °F) for 25 h. Particles of M 6 C, M 6 C prime, and M 23 C 6 in gamma matrix. (b) Aged at 870 °C (1600 °F) for 25 h. The structure is particles of M 6 C and M 6 C prime (by extraction analysis) in gamma matrix.... More
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Typical heating cycle for induction-tempered seamless pipe with a 140 mm (5...

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in Tempering of Induction Hardened Steels > Induction Heating and Heat Treatment
Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 16 Typical heating cycle for induction-tempered seamless pipe with a 140 mm (5.5 in.) outside diameter and a 10 mm (0.42 in.) wall thickness. Source: Ref 8 , 42 More
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Bronze (Cu-10Sn, 6.4 g/cm 3 ) pressed at 140 to 205 MPa (10 to 15 tsi), sin...

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in Metallography and Microstructures of Powder Metallurgy Alloys > Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 55 Bronze (Cu-10Sn, 6.4 g/cm 3 ) pressed at 140 to 205 MPa (10 to 15 tsi), sintered (conditions not known), and sized for tolerances. Mostly all α-bronze grains. Gray areas are pores. Arrows indicate clusters of small grains that have not grown into larger α grains. K 2 Cr 2 O 7 . 180× More
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Polycarbonate (PC) creep compliance at 23 °C (73.4 °F) and 60 °C (140 °F) w...

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in Moisture-Related Failure of Plastics > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 13 Polycarbonate (PC) creep compliance at 23 °C (73.4 °F) and 60 °C (140 °F) with Arrhenius plot of shift factor. a T , amount of curve shift. Source: Ref 31 More
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Tensile strength of polyurethane aged in methanol at 60 °C (140 °F) as a fu...

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in Organic Chemical-Related Failure of Plastics > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 1 Tensile strength of polyurethane aged in methanol at 60 °C (140 °F) as a function of exposure time. Source: Ref 10 More
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(a) Calibration block. Size: 140 × 60 × 20 mm (5.5 × 2.4 × 0.8 in.). (b) In...

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in Review of Ultrasonic Testing for Metallic Additively Manufactured Parts > Additive Manufacturing Design and Applications
Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 33 (a) Calibration block. Size: 140 × 60 × 20 mm (5.5 × 2.4 × 0.8 in.). (b) Inspection of the calibration sample in immersion. SDH, side-drilled hole More
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Cooling curve data of epoxidized bioquenchants at 60 °C (140 °F) bath tempe...

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in Vegetable and Animal Oil Quenchants > Quenchants and Quenching Technology
Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 18 Cooling curve data of epoxidized bioquenchants at 60 °C (140 °F) bath temperature with no agitation. SO, soybean oil; ESBO, epoxidized soybean oil; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; EF, ESBO/FAME blend; HG, conventional petroleum oil quenchant; HKB, fast petroleum oil quenchant More
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Cooling-rate curves of epoxidized bioquenchants at 60 °C (140 °F) bath temp...

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in Vegetable and Animal Oil Quenchants > Quenchants and Quenching Technology
Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 19 Cooling-rate curves of epoxidized bioquenchants at 60 °C (140 °F) bath temperature with no agitation. SO, soybean oil; ESBO, epoxidized soybean oil; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; EF, ESBO/FAME blend; HG, conventional petroleum oil quenchant; HKB, fast petroleum oil quenchant More
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Temperature rise from 60 °C (140 °F) for different quantities of oil for 10...

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in Quench System Design > Quenchants and Quenching Technology
Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 10 Temperature rise from 60 °C (140 °F) for different quantities of oil for 1000 kg of steel quenched from 850 °C (1560 °F). Source: Ref 2 More
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Maximum cooling rate of a hot salt bath (Degussa AS-140) at 200 °C (390 °F)...

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in Martempering and Austempering > Quenchants and Quenching Technology
Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 32 Maximum cooling rate of a hot salt bath (Degussa AS-140) at 200 °C (390 °F) as a function of agitation rate and percentage of water added. Adapted from Ref 43 More
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Effect of nitric acid on corrosion rate in 50% sulfuric acid at 60 °C (140 °F). Source: Ref 14

Effect of nitric acid on corrosion rate in 50% sulfuric acid at 60 °C (140 ...

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in Corrosion by Mixed Acids and Salts > Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 11 Effect of nitric acid on corrosion rate in 50% sulfuric acid at 60 °C (140 °F). Source: Ref 14 More
Book Chapter

Steel Hardness Conversions

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005184
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... irons. It informs that when making hardness correlations, it is best to consult ASTM E 140. The article tabulates the approximate Rockwell B hardness and Rockwell C hardness conversion numbers for nonaustenitic steels according to ASTM E 140. It also tabulates the approximate equivalent hardness numbers...
Abstract
Hardness conversions are empirical relationships that are defined by conversion tables limited to specific categories of materials. This article tabulates examples of the published hardness conversion equations for various materials including steels, cement carbides, and white cast irons. It informs that when making hardness correlations, it is best to consult ASTM E 140. The article tabulates the approximate Rockwell B hardness and Rockwell C hardness conversion numbers for nonaustenitic steels according to ASTM E 140. It also tabulates the approximate equivalent hardness numbers for Brinell hardness numbers and Vickers (diamond pyramid) hardness numbers for steel.
View PDF for content titled, Steel Hardness Conversions
Book Chapter

Hardness Conversions for Steels

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003278
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract Hardness conversions are empirical relationships defined by conversion tables limited to specific categories of materials. This article is a collection of tables that present approximate Rockwell B hardness conversion numbers for nonaustenitic steels as per ASTM E 140 and approximate...
Abstract
Hardness conversions are empirical relationships defined by conversion tables limited to specific categories of materials. This article is a collection of tables that present approximate Rockwell B hardness conversion numbers for nonaustenitic steels as per ASTM E 140 and approximate equivalent hardness numbers for the Brinell hardness and the Vickers (diamond pyramid) hardness numbers for steel.
View PDF for content titled, Hardness Conversions for Steels
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Continuous-cooling transformation diagram of 15MnCr5 (1.7131) steel with Du...

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in Petroleum Oil Quenchants > Quenchants and Quenching Technology
Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 31 Continuous-cooling transformation diagram of 15MnCr5 (1.7131) steel with Durixol H222 oil petroleum cooling curves superimposed. 1: p = 1 mbar, T = 20 °C (70 °F), without agitation; 2: p = 1 mbar, T = 60 °C (140 °F), turbulent agitation; 3: p = 500 mbars, T = 60 °C (140 °F More
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“Clean only” metal preparation, spray process Stage Solution compos...

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in Porcelain Enameling > Surface Engineering
Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 8 “Clean only” metal preparation, spray process Stage Solution composition Temperature Cycle time, seconds °C °F 1-Prewash Tap water Ambient to 71 Ambient to 160 30–60 2-Wash Alkaline cleaner, 7.5–22.5 g/L (1–3 oz/gal) 60–71 140–160 60–90 3-Rinse Tap More
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The same image stored with decreasing spatial resolution. Image sizes, in p...

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in Quantitative Image Analysis > Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 7 The same image stored with decreasing spatial resolution. Image sizes, in pixels, are (a) 560 × 560, (b) 280 × 280, (c) 140 × 140, and (d) 70 × 70. 150× More