This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties, and application characteristics of Al-Si-Cu-Mg hypereutectic casting alloys 390.0, A390.0, and B390.0. Tool lives for the machining of alloys 380 and 390 are illustrated.

The 391-type hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys are hypereutectic alloys designed for applications where excellent wear resistance is needed. They are similar to the 390 family of alloys, except for a low copper content to improve castability and corrosion resistance. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy and processing effects on mechanical properties of separately cast test bars of these alloys.

The 443 series of aluminum casting alloys have nominal silicon content of 5 wt% with various limits on iron, copper, manganese and magnesium. They are hypoeutectic AI-Si binary alloys with high ductility, very good corrosion resistance, good machinability, but only fair castability, and low strength. The alloys are used in castings where above average ductility coupled with excellent corrosion resistance is needed. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, fabrication characteristics, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties, and application characteristics of these alloys.

The solidification of hypoeutectic cast iron starts with the nucleation and growth of austenite dendrites, while that of hypereutectic iron starts with the crystallization of primary graphite in the stable system or cementite in the metastable system. This article begins with a discussion on the nucleation and growth of austenite dendrites. It describes the nucleation of lamellar graphite, spheroidal graphite, and austenite-iron carbide eutectic. The article reviews three main graphite morphologies crystallizing from the iron melts during solidification: lamellar (LG), compacted or vermicular (CG), and spheroidal. It discusses the metastable solidification of austenite-iron carbide eutectic and concludes with information on gray-to-white structural transition of cast iron.

The control of the solidification process of cast iron requires understanding and control of the thermodynamics of the liquid and solid phases and of the kinetics of their solidification, including nucleation and growth. This article addresses issues that allow for the determination of probability of formation and relative stability of various phases. These include the influence of temperature and composition on solubility of various elements in iron-base alloys; calculation of solubility lines, relevant to the construction of phase diagrams; and calculation of activity of various components. It discusses the role of alloying elements in terms of their influence on the activity of carbon, which provides information on the stability of the main carbon-rich phases of iron-carbon alloys, that is, graphite and cementite. The article reviews the carbon solubility in multicomponent systems, along with saturation degree and carbon equivalent.

Cast irons, like steels, are iron-carbon alloys but with higher carbon levels than steels to take advantage of eutectic solidification in the binary iron-carbon system. This article introduces the solid-state heat treatment of iron castings and describes the various processes of heat treatment of cast iron. It provides information on stress relieving, annealing, normalizing, through hardening, and surface hardening of these castings. The article discusses general considerations for the heat treatment of cast iron. Cast irons are occasionally nitrided for various applications with the aim of enhancing surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the products. The article describes molten salt bath cyaniding and ion nitriding of cast iron.

This article discusses the various heat treating processes, namely, solid-solution hardening, solution treating, solution aging and dispersion hardening, for low-melting-point alloys such as lead alloys, tin-rich alloys, and zinc alloys. Heat treating of tin-rich alloys has been practiced for bearing alloys, pewterware, and organ pipe alloys. The article reviews the principles underlying these applications.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which ytterbium (Yb) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which zinc (Zn) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which tantalum (Ta) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which rhodium (Rh) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which terbium (Tb) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which lanthanum (La) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which ruthenium (Ru) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which tellurium (Te) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which sulfur (S) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which thorium (Th) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which cadmium (Cd) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.

The application of phase diagrams is instrumental in solid-state transformations for the processing and heat treatment of alloys. A unary phase diagram plots the phase changes of one element as a function of temperature and pressure. This article discusses the unary system that can exist as a solid, liquid, and/or gas, depending on the specific combination of temperature and pressure. It describes the accomplishment of conversion between weight percentage and atomic percentage in a binary system by the use of formulas. The article analyzes the effects of alloying on melting/solidification and on solid-state transformations. It explains the construction of phase diagrams by the Gibbs phase rule and the Lever rule. The article also reviews the various types of alloy systems that involve solid-state transformations. It concludes with information on the sources of phase diagram.

This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which nickel (Ni) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.