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Resonance spectroscopy
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006931
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
Abstract
This article presents tools, techniques, and procedures that engineers and material scientists can use to investigate plastic part failures. It also provides a brief survey of polymer systems and the key properties that need to be measured during failure analysis. It describes the characterization of plastics by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, thermomechanical analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The article also discusses the use of X-ray diffraction for analyzing crystal phases and structures in solid materials.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006650
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
Abstract
This article focuses on the application of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in materials science, especially for inorganic and organic polymer solids. It begins with a discussion on the general principles of NMR, providing information on nuclear spin descriptions and line narrowing and spectral resolution and describing the impact of magnetic field on nuclear spins and the factors determining resonance frequency. This is followed by a description of various systems and equipment necessary for NMR spectroscopy. A discussion on general sampling for solid-state NMR, sample-spinning requirements, and extraneous signals is then included. Various factors pertinent to accurate calibration of the NMR spectrum are also described. The article provides information on some of the parameters both beneficial and problematic for processing NMR data. It ends with a description of the applications of NMR in glass science and ceramics.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006646
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
Abstract
The Mossbauer effect (ME) is a spectroscopic method for observing nuclear gamma-ray fluorescence using the recoil-free transitions of a nucleus embedded in a solid lattice. This article provides an overview of the fundamental principles of ME, covering recoil-free fraction, absorption, selection rules, gamma-ray polarization, isomer shift, quadrupole interaction, and magnetic interaction. Experimental arrangement for obtaining ME spectra is described and several examples of the applications of ME are presented. The article contains tables listing some properties of Mossbauer transitions and principal methods used for producing ME sources.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001752
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a form of radio frequency spectroscopy based on interactions between nuclear magnetic dipole or electric quadrupole moments and an applied magnetic field or electric-field gradient. This article provides an overview of the fundamental principles of nuclear magnetic resonance with emphasis on nuclei properties, the basic equation of nuclear magnetic resonance, the classical theory of nuclear magnetization, line broadening, and measurement sensitivity. It describes the pulse-echo method for observing NMR. The article provides useful information on ferromagnetic nuclear resonance and nuclear quadrupole resonance, and illustrates the experimental arrangement of NMR with a block diagram. It also presents several application examples.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001750
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR), or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), is an analytical technique that can extract a great deal of information from any material containing unpaired electrons. This article explains how ESR works and where it applies in materials characterization. It describes a typical ESR spectrometer and explains how to tune it to optimize critical electromagnetic interactions in the test sample. It also identifies compounds and elements most suited for ESR analysis and explains how to extract supplementary information from test samples based on the time it takes electrons to return to equilibrium from their resonant state. Two of the most common methods for measuring this relaxation time are presented as are several application examples.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001751
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
Abstract
Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) is used in the identification of the magnetic state of materials, the quantitative determination of static magnetic parameters, and the determination of microwave losses. This article describes the theory of ferromagnetic resonance and provides information on reflection spectrometers, microwave spectrometers, and ferromagnetic anti-resonance spectrometers used for measuring FMR. It also discusses the applications of FMR and provides several detailed examples.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001753
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
Abstract
The Mossbauer effect (ME) is a spectroscopic method for observing nuclear gamma-ray fluorescence based on recoil-free transitions in a nucleus embedded in a solid lattice. This article provides an overview of the fundamental principles of ME and related concepts such as recoil-free fraction, absorption cross section, gamma-ray polarization, isomer shift, and quadrupole and magnetic interactions. It illustrates the experimental arrangement for obtaining ME spectra and presents several application examples.