This article begins with a discussion on the factors considered in the selection of bending methods. It presents a detailed description of the types of bending method, machines and tools used in the bending and forming of tubing. The article provides an overview of bending tubing with and without a mandrel and hot bending. It concludes with a discussion on the bending of thin-wall tubes and lubrication for tube bending.

Electroforming is the process by which articles or shapes can be exactly reproduced by electrodeposition on a mandrel or form that is later removed, leaving a precise duplicate of the original. This article discusses electroforming applications, and explains electroforming of nickel, cobalt, iron, and copper, providing information on mandrel design and selection, electroforming solutions and operating variables. It discusses the significant aspects of electroforming that demand special considerations, such as metal distribution, internal deposit stress, roughness, and treeing. The article concludes with an overview of alloy electroforming.