Press brakes are a common and versatile type of equipment for bending metal by delivering an accurate vertical force in a confined longitudinal area. This article begins with a discussion on the design, widening methods, and types of materials used in press brakes. It focuses on the two basic drive systems used in operating press brakes, namely, mechanical and hydraulic drive systems. The article also provides an outline on the tooling associated with press-brakes.

This article discusses the mill products most often formed by the three-roll forming process. It schematically illustrates some of the shapes commonly produced from flat stock by the three-roll forming process. The article describes the two basic types of three-roll forming machines, namely, the pinch-roll type and the pyramid-roll type. It also lists the advantages of the pinch-roll machine, as compared to the pyramid-roll machine. The article analyzes the hot forming and cold forming processes for carbon or low alloy steel. It explains the procedure for forming truncated cones, bars, and bar sections by utilizing the pyramid-roll machine.

This article describes various bending methods: draw bending, compression bending, roll bending, stretch bending, and ram-and-press bending. It discusses the machines used for the bending of bars. These machines include devices and fixtures for manual bending, press brakes, conventional mechanical and hydraulic presses, horizontal bending machines, rotary benders, and bending presses. The article illustrates the tools used in bending and other bending process. It also tabulates the lubricants required for bending specific metals.