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Volume Editors

Daniel B. Miracle
Air Force Research Laboratory
Steven L. Donaldson
Air Force Research Laboratory

Section Editors

B. Tomas Åström
IFP SICOMP AB, Sweden
Tia Benson Tolle
Air Force Research Laboratory
Flake C. Campbell
The Boeing Company
Steven L. Donaldson
Air Force Research Laboratory
Richard E. Fields
Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control
Nicholas J. Gianaris
Visteon Corporation
G. Aaron Henson III
Design Alternatives Inc.
Rikard B. Heslehurst
Australian Defence Force Academy
Michael J. Hoke
Abaris Training Resources, Inc.
Warren H. Hunt, Jr.
Aluminum Consultants Group Inc.
Daniel B. Miracle
Air Force Research Laboratory
Steven R. Nutt
University of Southern California
Scott Reeve
National Composite Center
Jeffrey Schaff
United Technologies Research Center
Patricia L. Stumpf
Hartzell Propeller Inc.

Authors and Contributors

R.C. Adams
Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems
Suresh Advani
University of Delaware
David E. Alman
U.S. Department of Energy
Finn Roger Andressen
Reichhold AS
Keith B. Armstrong
Consultant
B. Tomas Åström
IFP SICOMP AB
Amit Bandyopadhyay
Washington State University
Yoseph Bar-Cohen
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Robert J. Basso
Century Design Inc.
Mark Battley
Industrial Research Limited
Joseph J. Beaman, Jr.
University of Texas at Austin
John H. Belk
The Boeing Company
Tia Benson Tolle
Air Force Research Laboratory
Barry J. Berenberg
Caldera Composites
Tom Bitzer
Hexcel Corporation
John Bootle
XC Associates Inc.
Chris Boshers
Composite Materials Characterization Inc.
Richard H. Bossi
The Boeing Company
David L. Bourell
University of Texas at Austin
Dennis Bowles
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Jack Boyd
CyTech Fiberite Inc.
Maureen Boyle
Hexcel Corporation
Shari Tidrick Bugaj
Fibercote Industries Inc.
Frank Burzesi
XC Associates Inc.
Flake C. Campbell
The Boeing Company
Karl K. Chang
DuPont
K.K. Chawla
University of Alabama
N. Chawla
Arizona State University
Eric Chesmar
United Airlines
Richard J. Chester
Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory
S. Christensen
The Boeing Company
William F. Cole II
United Airlines
Bruce Crawford
Deakin University
George Dallas
TA Instruments
Joseph R. Davis
Davis & Associates
J.A. DiCarlo
NASA Glenn Research Center
Cynthia Powell Doğan
U.S. Department of Energy
Roderick Don
University of Delaware
Steven L. Donaldson
Air Force Research Laboratory
Louis C. Dorworth
Abaris Training Resources Inc.
Richard Downs-Honey
High Modulus New Zealand Limited
T.E. Drake
Lockheed Martin Aerospace
Lawrence T. Drzal
Michigan State University
G. Ehnert
Menzolit-Fibron GmbH
D. Emahiser
GKN Aerospace
Roger W. Engelbart
The Boeing Company
Don O. Evans
Cincinnati Machine
Richard E. Fields
Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control
Lynda Fiorini
XC Associates Inc.
Gerald Flanagan
Materials Sciences Corporation
Mark S. Forte
Air Force Research Laboratory
Marvin Foston
Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems
Luther M. Gammon
The Boeing Company
C.P. Gardiner
Defence Science & Technology Organisation, Australia
Nicholas J. Gianaris
Visteon Corporation
Ian Gibson
The University of Hong Kong
Lawrence A. Gintert
Concurrent Technologies Corporation
John W. Goodman
Material Technologies Inc.
J.H. Gosse
The Boeing Company
Michael N. Grimshaw
Cincinnati Machine
Olivier Guillermin
Vistagy Inc.
H. Thomas Hahn
Air Force Office of Scientific Research
Paul Hakes
High Modulus New Zealand Limited
William C. Harrigan
MMC Engineering Inc.
L.J. Hart-Smith
The Boeing Company
Brian S. Hayes
University of Washington
Dirk Heider
University of Delaware
Edmund G. Henneke II
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
John M. Henshaw
University of Tulsa
G. Aaron Henson III
Design Alternatives Inc.
Rikard B. Heslehurst
Australian Defence Force Academy
Arlen Hoebergen
Centre of Lightweight Structures TUD-TNO
Leslie A. Hoeckelman
The Boeing Company
Michael J. Hoke
Abaris Training Resources Inc.
J. Anders Holmberg
SICOMP AB
K. Hörsting
Menzolit-Fibron GmbH
Warren H. Hunt, Jr
Aluminum Consultants Group Inc.
Michael G. Jenkins
University of Washington
L. Kahn
Georgia Institute of Technology
Vistasp M. Karbhari
University of California, San Diego
Kristen M. Kearns
Air Force Research Laboratory
Shrikant N. Khot
University of Delaware
Jeffrey J. Kilwin
The Boeing Company
Jim Kindinger
Hexcel Corporation
Donald A. Klosterman
University of Dayton
Frank K. Ko
Drexel University
Greg Kress
Delta Air Lines
Lawrence F. Kuberski
Fischer U.S.A.
R. Kühfusz
Menzolit-Fibron GmbH
Joseph M. Kunze
Triton Systems
Joe Lautner
Gerber Technology Inc.
Richard D. Lawson
The Boeing Company
David Lewis III
Naval Research Laboratory
Hong Li
PPG Industries Inc.
R. Liebold
Menzolit-Fibron GmbH
Shyh-Shiuh Lih
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Jim R. Logsdon
EMF Corporation
Peter W. Lorraine
General Electric Company
Bhaskar S. Majumdar
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
Ajit K. Mal
University of California, Los Angeles
Cary Martin
Hexcel Corporation
Jeffrey D. Martin
Martin Pultrusion Group
James J. Mazza
Air Force Research Laboratory
John E. McCarty
Composite Structures Consulting
Douglas A. McCarville
The Boeing Company
Colin McCullough
3M Company
Lee McKague
Composites-Consulting Inc.
James McKnight
The Boeing Company
J. Lowrie McLarty
Carol Meyers
Materials Sciences Corporation
Andrew Mills
Cranfield University
Daniel B. Miracle
Air Force Research Laboratory
Stephen C. Mitchell
General Electric Aircraft Engines
John E. Moalli
Exponent Failure Analysis Associates
Robert Moore
Northrop Grumman Corporation
A.P. Mouritz
RMIT University
John Moylan
Delsen Testing Laboratories
Thomas Munns
ARINC
John Neuner
Hexcel Corporation
Steven Nutt
University of Southern California
T. Kevin O'Brien
U.S. Army Research Laboratory
Michael J. Paleen
The Boeing Company
Awadh B. Pandey
Pratt & Whitney
Robert T. Parker
The Boeing Company
Tim Pepper
Ashland Chemical Company
Stanley T. Peters
Process Research
Charles W. Peterson
Azdel bv
Daniel R. Petrak
J. Gary Pruett
Hitco Carbon Corporation
Shahid P. Qureshi
Georgia-Pacific Resins Inc.
Naveen Rastogi
Visteon Chassis Systems
Suraj P. Rawal
Lockheed Martin Astronautics
Scott Reeve
National Composite Center
Susan Robitaille
YLA Inc.
Carl Rousseau
Bell Helicopter
Paul A. Roy
Vantage Associates Inc.
C.D. Rudd
University of Nottingham
Daniel R. Ruffner
The Boeing Company
A.J. Russell
Dockyard Laboratory Pacific, DRDC
John D. Russell
Air Force Research Laboratory
Adam J. Sawicki
The Boeing Company
Henry A. Schaefer
The Boeing Company
Jeffrey R. Schaff
United Technologies Research Center
Hans-Wolfgang Schrvder
EADS Deutschland GmbH
Mel M. Schwartz
Sikorsky Aircraft (retired)
Daniel A. Scola
University of Connecticut
Steven M. Shepard
Thermal Wave Imaging, Inc.
Mrityunjay Singh
NASA Glenn Research Center
Raj N. Singh
University of Cincinnati
Cory A. Smith
DWA Aluminum Composites
E. Murat Sozer
KOC University
Horst Stenzenberger
Technochemie GmbH
Rich Stover
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics
Patricia L. Stumpff
Hartzell Propeller Inc.
Joseph E. Sumerak
Creative Pultrusions Inc.
Kirk Tackitt
U.S. Army Research Laboratory
E.T. Thostenson
University of Delaware
R.S. Trask
DERA Farnborough
J. Tucker
Southern Research Institute
Rebecca Ufkes
Ufkes Engineering
Barry P. Van West
The Boeing Company
Anthony J. Vizzini
University of Maryland
Frederick T. Wallenberger
PPG Industries Inc.
Paul J. Walsh
Zoltek Corporation
Stephen Ward
SW Composites
Jeff L. Ware
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics
James C. Watson
PPG Industries Inc.
David Weiss
Eck Industries Inc.
Mark Wilhelm
The Boeing Company
D.M. Wilson
3M Company
Rod Wishart
Integrated Technologies Inc. (Intec)
Michael Woodward
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics
Richard P. Wool
University of Delaware
H.M. Yun
NASA Glenn Research Center
F.W. Zok
University of California, Santa Barbara
Abdul-Hamid Zureick
Georgia Institute of Technology
Carl Zweben
Composites Consultant

Reviewers

John W. Aaron
The Boeing Company
R.C. Adams
Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems
John C. Adelmann
Sikorsky Aircraft
Suresh Advani
University of Delaware
Suphal P. Agrawal
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Klaus Ahlborn
Mitras Composites Systems
Bob Allanson
GKN Westland Aerospace
David P. Anderson
University of Dayton Research Institute
Donald A. Anderson
The Boeing Company
Douglas L. Armstrong
Fiber Innovations Inc.
Keith B. Armstrong
Consultant
B. Tomas Åström
IFP SICOMP AB
Mohan Aswani
Mark Battley
Industrial Research Limited, New Zealand
Behzad Bavarian
California State University, Northridge
Matthew R. Begley
University of Connecticut
Arie Ben-Dov
Israel Aircraft Industry
Tia Benson Tolle
Air Force Research Laboratory
Albert Bertram
Naval Surface Weapons Center
Edward Bernardon
Vistagy Inc.
R.T. Bhatt
NASA Glenn Research Center
Greg Black
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Tom Blankenship
The Boeing Company
George A. Blann
Buehler Ltd.
Ben R. Bognar
BP Amoco Chemicals
Gregg R. Bogucki
The Boeing Company
Raymond Bohlmann
The Boeing Company
Collin Bohn
The Boeing Company
Chris Boshers
Composite Materials Characterization Inc.
Dennis Bowles
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Alfonso Branca
Top Glass s.p.a.
Mike Brun
General Electric
Doug Brunner
Lockheed Martin
Bruce L. Burton
Huntsman Corporation
Mark Bush
University of Western Australia
Rick Callis
Hexcel Corporation
Flake C. Campbell
The Boeing Company
Gene Camponeschi
NSWCCD
Jay Carpenter
Creative Tooling
Mark T. Carroll
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics
Patrick E. Cassidy
Southwest Texas State University
Gilbert B. Chapman II
DaimlerChrysler Corporation
K.K. Chawla
University of Alabama
N. Chawla
Arizona State University
Judy Chen
The Boeing Company
Richard J. Chester
Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory
Mark Chris
Bell Helicopter Textron
Stan Chichanoski
Steinerfilm Inc.
Bruce Choate
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Linda L. Clements
C & C Technologies
Todd Coburn
Adroit Engineering
William F. Cole II
United Airlines
Doug Condel
John Cooney
Bruce Cox
DaimlerChrysler Corporation
Jim Criss
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics
Alan Crosky
University of New South Wales
Maxwell Davis
J.G. Dean
Lockheed Martin
Thomas J. Dearlove
General Motors Corporation
Leen Deurloo
Adzel bv
Herve Deve
3M Company
Josi Manuel Luna Dmaz
EADS-CASA Airbus
George DiBari
International Nickel
Jack Dini
Consultant
John Dion
BAE Systems
Alan Dobyns
Sikorsky Aircraft
Jim Door
Duke Engineering
Louis C. Dorworth
Abaris Training Resources Inc.
Timothy E. Easler
COI Ceramics Inc.
Jim Epperson
Jay Fiebig
Warner Robins Air Logistics Center
Richard E. Fields
Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control
Lynda Fiorini
XC Associates Inc.
John Fish
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company
Gerald Flanagan
Materials Sciences Corporation
Marvin Foston
Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems
Rob Fredell
U.S. Air Force Academy
David H. Fry
The Boeing Company
H. GangaRao
West Virginia University
Samuel P. Garbo
Sikorsky Aircraft
Slade Gardner
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics
C.P. Gardiner
Defence Science and Technology Organisation
Rikard Gebart
Lulea University of Technology
Gerald A. Gegel
Guy M. Genin
Washington University
Dipankar K. Ghosh
Vanderplaats R&D Inc.
Nicholas J. Gianaris
Visteon Corporation
A.G. Gibson
University of Newcastle upon Tyne
John W. Goodman
Materials Technologies Inc.
Peter Grant
The Boeing Company
Stephen A. Green
Sikorsky Aircraft
John Griffith
The Boeing Company
John Gruss
The Boeing Company
John W. Halloran
University of Michigan
Gail Hahn
The Boeing Company
William C. Harrigan
MMC Engineering Inc.
Neil M. Hawkins
University of Illinois
Randy Hay
Air Force Research Laboratory
Paul Hergenrother
NASA Langley Research Center
Mike Hinton
DERA Farnborough
Michael J. Hoke
Abaris Training Resources Inc.
Richard C. Holzwarth
Air Force Research Laboratory
DeWayne Howell
CompositeTek
Kuang-Ting Hsiao
University of Delaware
Donald Hunston
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Warren H. Hunt, Jr.
Aluminum Consultants Group Inc.
Frances Hurwitz
NASA Glenn Research Center
John W. Hutchinson
Harvard University
William Jandeska
Dave Jarmon
United Technologies
Michael G. Jenkins
University of Washington
Paul D. Jero
Air Force Research Laboratory
Richard A. Jeryan
Ford Motor Company
Eric Johnson
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Robert M. Jones
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Ronald J. Kander
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Vistasp M. Karbhari
University of California, San Diego
Allan Kaye
BAE Systems
Ronald J. Kerans
Air Force Research Laboratory
Hamid Kia
Christopher J. Kirschling
Reichold Chemicals Inc.
James Klett
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Eric S. Knudsen
Fiberline Composites A/S
Greg Kress
Delta Air Lines
Raymond B. Krieger, Jr.
Cytec-Fiberite Inc.
Arun Kumar
Seal Laboratories
Murray Kuperman
United Airlines (retired)
Jeremy Leggoe
Texas Tech University
Bradley A. Lerch
NASA Glenn Research Center
James Leslie
ACPT Inc.
Chris Levan
BP Amoco Carbon Fibers
Stanley Levine
NASA Glenn Research Center
John Lewandowski
Case Western Reserve University
Jian Li
The Boeing Company
Denny Liles
BGF Industries Inc.
Mike Lindsey
Lockheed Martin
Steve Loud
Composites Worldwide Inc.
David Maas
Flightware
Tonu Malm
Metallvagen
John F. Mandell
Montana State University
Rod Martin
Materials Engineering Research Laboratory
Frederick J. McGarry
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Lee McKague
Composites-Consulting Inc.
Stewart E. McKinzy
TWA Inc.
Aram Mekjian
Mektek Composites Inc.
Greg Mellema
Abaris Training Resources Inc.
James D. Miller
Cool Polymers
Robert J. Miller
Pratt & Whitney
Andrew Mills
Cranfield University
Daniel B. Miracle
Air Force Research Laboratory
Jack Mitrey
Ashland Chemicals
Peter Mitschang
Institute fur Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH
Dale Moore
Naval Air Systems
A.P. Mouritz
RMIT University
Alvin Nakagawa
Northrup Grumman Corporation
James Newell
Theodore Nicholas
Air Force Research Laboratory
T. Kevin O'Brien
U.S. Army Research Laboratory
Mark Occhionero
Ceramic Process Systems
Tim A. Osswald
University of Wisconsin
Steve Owens
Lockheed Martin
Ron Parkinson
Nickel Development Institute
Steven Peake
Cytec-Fiberite Inc.
John Peters
A&P Technology
Bruce Pfund
Special Projects LLC
Fred Policelli
FPI Composites Engineering
Richard D. Pistole
Kevin Potter
University of Bristol
(Paul) Mack Puckett
Naveen Rastogi
Visteon Chassis Systems
Suraj P. Rawal
Lockheed Martin Astronautics
James Reeder
NASA Langley Research Center
David L. Rose
Polese Company
Tom Rose
Carl Rousseau
Bell Helicopter
Roger Rowell
C.D. Rudd
University of Nottingham
Daniel R. Ruffner
The Boeing Company
John Russell
Air Force Research Laboratory
Adam J. Sawicki
The Boeing Company
Robert E. Schafrik
GE Aircraft Engines
Warren C. Schimpf
Advanced Fiber Technology
John R. Schlup
Kansas State University
Daniel A. Scola
University of Connecticut
Mark Shea
The Boeing Company
Bill Schweinberg
Warner Robins Air Logistics Center
R. Ajit Shenoi
University of Southampton
Robert L. Sierakowski
Air Force Research Laboratory
Raymond J. Sinatra
Rolls Royce Corporation
J.P. Singh
Argonne National Laboratory
Lawrence H. Sobel
Northrop Grumman Corporation (retired)
Jonathan E. Spowart
UES Incorporated
David A. Steenkamer
Ford Motor Company
W. Kent Stewart
Bell Helicopter Textron
Bob Stratton
Brent Strong
Brigham Young University
Brent Stucker
University of Rhode Island
Patricia L. Stumpff
Hartzell Propeller Inc.
Susan Sun
Kansas State University
Jerry Sundsrud
3M Company
John Taylor
Borden Chemical
Roland Thevenin
Airbus
L. Scott Thiebert
Air Force Research Laboratory
Rodney Thomson
CRC for Advanced Composites Structures Ltd.
Katie E.G. Thorp
Air Force Research Laboratory
Richard E. Tressler
Pennsylvania State University
Francois Trochu
Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal
Willem van Dreumel
Ten Cate Advanced Composites bv
Richard Van Luven
Northrup Grumman Corporation
Barry P. Van West
The Boeing Company
James Vaughan
University of Mississippi
Albert A. Vicario
Alliant Techsystems Inc.
Anthony J. Vizzini
University of Maryland
Shawn Walsh
Army Research Laboratory
Steve Wanthal
Steve Wanthal The Boeing Company
Stephen Ward
SW Composites
Charles R. Watson
Pratt & Whitney
Kevin Waymack
The Boeing Company
David Weiss
Eck Industries Inc.
Dan White
dmc2 Electronic Components Corporation
Mary Ann White
Alliant Techsystems Inc.
Paul D. Wienhold
Johns Hopkins University
J.L. Willet
USDA/ARS/NCAUR
Martin Williams
ADI Limited
Mark Wilhelm
The Boeing Company
D.J. Williamson
The Boeing Company
Dale W. Wilson
Johns Hopkins University
David Wilson
3M Company
Warren W. Wolf
Owens Corning
Ernest Wolff
PMIC
Hugh Yap
Aerocell Inc.
Chun Zhang
Florida State University

Officers and Trustees of ASM International (2000–2001)

Officers

Aziz I. Asphahani
President and Trustee
Carus Chemical Company
Gordon H. Geiger
Vice President and Trustee
University of Arizona
Michael J. DeHaemer
Secretary and Managing Director
ASM International
John W. Pridgeon
Treasurer
Allvac
Ash Khare
Immediate Past President and Trustee
National Forge Company

Trustees

Thomas G. Stoebe
University of Washington
Robert C. Tucker, Jr.
Praxair Surface Technologies, Inc.
E. Daniel Albrecht
Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc.
W. Raymond Cribb
Alloy Products
Brush Wellman Inc.
Walter M. Griffith
Air Force Research Laboratory
Kathleen B. Alexander
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Subi Dinda
DaimlerChrysler Corporation
R.G. (Gil) Gilliland
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
UT-Battelle, LLC
Andrew R. Nicoll
Sulzer Metco Europe GmbH

Members of the ASM Handbook Committee (2000–2001)

Craig V. Darragh
(Chair 1999-; Member 1989-)
The Timken Company
Bruce P. Bardes (1993-)
Materials Technology Solutions Company
Rodney R. Boyer (1982-1985; 1995-)
Boeing Company
Toni M. Brugger (1993-)
Carpenter Technology Corporation
Henry E. Fairman (1993-)
Cooperheat/MQS Inspection Inc.
Larry D. Hanke (1994-)
Materials Evaluation and Engineering Inc
Jeffrey A. Hawk (1997-)
U.S. Department of Energy
Dennis D. Huffman (1982-)
The Timken Company
Dwight Janoff (1995-)
FMC Corporation
Kent L. Johnson (1999-)
Engineering Systems Inc.
Paul J. Kovach (1995-)
Stress Engineering Services Inc.
Donald R. Lesuer (1999-)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Huimin Liu (1999-)
Ford Motor Company
William L. Mankins (1989-)
Metallurgical Services Inc.
Dana J. Medlin (1998-)
Zimmer Inc.
Srikanth Raghunathan (1999-)
Nanomat Inc.
Mahi Sahoo (1993-)
Natural Resources Canada
Karl P. Staudhammer (1997-)
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Kenneth B. Tator (1991-)
KTA-Tator Inc.
George F. Vander Voort (1997-)
Buehler Ltd.
George A. Wildridge (2000-)
Borg Warner Morse TEC Corporation
Dan Zhao (1996-)
Johnson Controls Inc.

Previous Chairs of the ASM Handbook Committee

R.J. Austin
(1992–1994) (Member 1984–1996)
L.B. Case
(1931–1933) (Member 1927–1933)
T.D. Cooper
(1984–1986) (Member 1981–1986)
E.O. Dixon
(1952–1954) (Member 1947–1955)
R.L. Dowdell
(1938–1939) (Member 1935–1939)
J.P. Gill
(1937) (Member 1934–1937)
J.D. Graham
(1966–1968) (Member 1961–1970)
J.F. Harper
(1923–1926) (Member 1923–1926)
C.H. Herty, Jr.
(1934–1936) (Member 1930–1936)
D.D. Huffman
(1986–1990) (Member 1982-)
J.B. Johnson
(1948–1951) (Member 1944–1951)
L.J. Korb
(1983) (Member 1978–1983)
R.W.E. Leiter
(1962–1963) (Member 1955–1958,
1960–1964)
G.V. Luerssen
(1943–1947) (Member 1942–1947)
G.N. Maniar
(1979–1980) (Member 1974–1980)
J.L. McCall
(1982) (Member 1977–1982)
W.J. Merten
(1927–1930) (Member 1923–1933)
D.L. Olson
(1990–1992) (Member 1982–1988,
1989–1992)
N.E. Promisel
(1955–1961) (Member 1954–1963)
G.J. Shubat
(1973–1975) (Member 1966–1975)
W.A. Stadtler
(1969–1972) (Member 1962–1972)
R. Ward
(1976–1978) (Member 1972–1978)
M.G.H. Wells
(1981) (Member 1976–1981)
D.J. Wright
(1964–1965) (Member 1959–1967)

Staff

ASM International staff who contributed to the development of the Volume included Scott D. Henry, Project Editor; Charles Moosbrugger, Technical Editor; Gayle J. Anton, Editorial Assistant; Bonnie R. Sanders, Manager of Production; Nancy Hrivnak and Carol Terman, Copy Editors; Jill Kinson, Production Editor; and Kathryn Muldoon, Production Assistant. Editorial assistance was provided by Jill Brown, Kelly Ferjutz, Edward J. Kubel, Jr., Heather Lampman, Elizabeth Marquard, Beverly Musgrove, Mary Jane Riddlebaugh and Juli Williamson. The Volume was prepared under the direction of William W. Scott, Jr., Director of Technical Publications.

Conversion to Electronic Files

ASM Handbook, Volume 21, Composites was converted to electronic files in 2002. The conversion was based on the first printing (2001). No substantive changes were made to the content of the Volume, but some minor corrections and clarifications were made as needed.

ASM International staff who contributed to the conversion of the Volume included Sally Fahrenholz-Mann, Sue Hess, Bonnie Sanders, and Scott Henry. The electronic version was prepared under the direction of William W. Scott, Jr., Technical Director.