• George E. Dieter, FASM

   University of Maryland

Credits for the section chairs are given in the Preface to this Volume.

• Peter Andresen

   General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center

• Michael F. Ashby

   Cambridge University

• Anne-Marie M. Baker

   University of Massachusetts

• Charles A. Barrett

   NASA Lewis Research Center

• Carol M.F. Barry

   University of Massachusetts

• Raymond Bayer

   Tribology Consultant

• Michael Blinn

   Materials Characterization Laboratory

• Bruce E. Boardman

   Deere & Company Technical Center

• Geoffrey Boothroyd

   Boothroyd Dewhurst Inc.

• David L. Bourell

   The University of Texas at Austin

• James G. Bralla

   Manufacturing Consultant

• Bruce L. Bramfitt

   Bethlehem Steel Corporation

• Peter R. Bridenbaugh

   Alcoa Technical Center

• Eric W. Brooman

   Concurrent Technologies Corporation

• Ronald N. Caron

   Olin Corporation

• Umesh Chandra

   Concurrent Technologies Corporation

• Joel P. Clark

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Don P. Clausing

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Thomas H. Courtney

   Michigan Technological University

• Mark Craig

   Variation Systems Analysis, Inc.

• James E. Crosheck

   CADSI

• Shaun Devlin

   Ford Motor Company

• Donald L. Dewhirst

   Ford Motor Company

• R. Judd Diefendorf

   Clemson University

• George E. Dieter

   University of Maryland

• John R. Dixon

   University of Massachusetts

• William E. Dowling, Jr.

   Ford Motor Company

• Stephen F. Duffy

   Cleveland State University

• Lance A. Ealey

   McKinsey & Company

• Peter Elliot

   Corrosion and Materials Cosultancy Inc.

• Mahmoud M. Farag

   American University in Cairo

• Frank R. Field III

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• B. Lynn Ferguson

   Deformation Control Technology

• Shirley Fleischmann

   Grand Valley State University

• F. Peter Ford

   General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center

• Theodore C. Fowler

   Fowler & Whitestone

• Victor A. Greenhut

   Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey

• Daniel C. Haworth

   General Motors Research and Development Center

• Richard W. Heckel

   Michigan Technological University

• David P. Hoult

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Kenneth H. Huebner

   Ford Motor Company

• Thomas A. Hunter

   Forensic Engineering Consultants, Inc.

• Lesley A. Janosik

   NASA Lewis Research Center

• Geza Kardos

   Carleton University

• Erhard Krempl

   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

• Howard A. Kuhn

   Concurrent Technologies Corporation

• Richard C. Laramee

   Intermountain Design, Inc.

• John MacKrell

   CIMdata

• Arnold R. Marder

   Lehigh University

• C. Lawrence Meador

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Edward Muccio

   Ferris State University

• Peter O'Rourke

   Los Alamos National Laboratory

• Kevin N. Otto

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Nagendra Palle

   Ford Motor Company

• Anand J. Paul

   Concurrent Technologies Corporation

• Thomas S. Piwonka

   The University of Alabama

• Hans H. Portisch

   Krupp VDM Austria GmbH

• Raj Ranganathan

   General Motors Corporation

• Richard C. Rice

   Battelle Columbus

• Mark L. Robinson

   Hamilton Precision Metals

• Richard Roth

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Eugene Rymaszewski

   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

• K. Sampath

   Concurrent Technologies Corporation

• Howard Sanderow

   Management and Engineering Technologies

• Jon Schaeffer

   General Electric Aircraft Engines

• John A. Schey

   University of Waterloo

• James Smialek

   NASA Lewis Research Center

• Charles O. Smith

   Engineering Consultant

• Douglas E. Smith

   Ford Motor Company

• Preston G. Smith

   New Product Dynamics

• James T. Staley

   Alcoa Technical Center

• David A. Stephenson

   General Motors Corporation

• Henry Stoll

   Northwestern University

• Charles L. Thomas

   University of Utah

• Gerald Trantina

   General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center

• B. Lee Tuttle

   GMI Engineering and Management Institute

• George F. Vander Voort

   Buehler Ltd.

• Anthony J. Vizzini

   University of Maryland

• Gary A. Vrsek

   Ford Motor Company

• Volker Weiss

   Syracuse University

• Jack H. Westbrook

   Brookline Technologies

• James C. Williams

   General Electric Aircraft Engines

• Roy Williams

   Materials Characterization Laboratory

• Kristin L. Wood

   University of Texas

• David A. Woodford

   Materials Performance Analysis, Inc.

• John Abraham

   Purdue University

• Robert M. Aiken, Jr.

   Case Western Reserve University

• David J. Albert

   Albert Consulting Group

• C. Wesley Allen

   CWA Engineering

• William Anderson

   Automated Analysis Corporation

• Harry W. Antes

   SPS Technologies (retired)

• William R. Apblett

   Amet Engineering

• Michael F. Ashby

   Cambridge University

• Carl Baker

   Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

• H. Barry Bebb

   Barry Bebb & Associates

• James Birchmeier

   General Motors Corporation

• Neil Birks

   University of Pittsburgh

• Peter J. Blau

   Oak Ridge National Laboratory

• Omer W. Blodgett

   Lincoln Electric Company

• Geoffrey Boothroyd

   Boothroyd Dewhurst Inc.

• David L. Bourell

   University of Texas at Austin

• Rodney R. Boyer

   Boeing Company

• Bruce L. Bramfitt

   Bethlehem Steel Corporation

• Charlie R. Brooks

   The University of Tennessee

• Eric W. Brooman

   Concurrent Technologies Corporation

• William L. Brown

   Caterpillar Inc.

• Myron E. Browning

   Matrix Technologies

• George C. Campbell

   Ford Motor Company

• Barry H. Carden

   Charter Oak Consulting Group, Inc.

• Ronald N. Caron

   Olin Corporation

• Craig D. Clauser

   Consulting Engineers Inc.

• Don P. Clausing

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Lou Cohen

   Independent Consultant

• Arthur Cohen

   Copper Development Association Inc.

• Thomas H. Courtney

   Michigan Technological University

• Eugene E. Covert

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Margaret D. Cramer

   IMO Pumps, IMO Industries Inc.

• Richard Crawford

   University of Texas

• Robert C. Creese

   West Virginia University

• Frank W. Crossman

   Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center

• Charles J. Crout

   Forging Developments International, Inc.

• David Cutherell

   Design Edge

• Fran Cverna

   ASM International

• Edward J. Daniels

   Argonne National Laboratory

• Craig V. Darragh

   The Timken Company

• Randall W. Davis

   McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems

• Rudolph Deanin

   University of Massachusetts-Lowell

• John J. deBarbadillo

   Inco Alloys International

• Donald L. Dewhirst

   Ford Motor Company

• George E. Dieter

   University of Maryland

• John R. Dixon

   University of Massachusetts

• Keith A. Ellison

   Wilson & Daleo Inc.

• William J. Endres

   University of Michigan

• Steven Eppinger

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Georges Fadel

   Clemson University

• Abdel Aziz Fahmy

   North Carolina State University

• Mahmoud M. Farag

   The American University in Cairo

• Mattison K. Ferber

   Oak Ridge National Laboratory

• Stephen Freiman

   National Institute of Standards and Technology

• Peter A. Gallerani

   Integrated Technologies, Inc.

• Murray W. Garbrick

   Lockheed Martin Corporation

• Michelle M. Gauthier

   Raytheon Electronic Systems

• T.B. Gibbons

   ABB-CE Power Plant Laboratories

• Brian Gleeson

   The University of New South Wales

• Raphael Haftka

   University of Florida

• Larry D. Hanke

   Materials Evaluation and Engineering, Inc.

• Richard W. Heckel

   Michigan Technological University

• Alfredo Herrera

   McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems

• Barry S. Hindin

   Battelle Columbus Division

• David Hoeppner

   University of Utah

• Maurice Howes

   IIT Research Institute

• Kenneth H. Huebner

   Ford Motor Company

• M.W. Hyer

   Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

• Serope Kalpakjian

   Illinois Institute of Technology

• Geza Kardos

   Carleton University

• Theodoulos Z. Kattamis

   University of Connecticut

• J. Gilbert Kaufman

   Aluminum Association

• Michael Kemen

   Attwood Corporation

• Robert D. Kissinger

   GE Aircraft Engines

• William D. Kline

   GE Aircraft Engines

• Lawrence J. Korb

   Metallurgical Consultant

• Paul J. Kovach

   Stress Engineering Services, Inc.

• Jesa Kreiner

   California State University, Fullerton

• Howard A. Kuhn

   Concurrent Technologies Corporation

• Joseph V. Lambert

   Lockheed Martin

• Richard C. Laramee

   Intermountain Design Inc.

• David E. Laughlin

   Carnegie Mellon University

• Alan Lawley

   Drexel University

• Peter W. Lee

   The Timken Company

• Keith Legg

   Rowan Catalyst Inc.

• Richard L. Lehman

   Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey

• Iain LeMay

   Metallurgical Consulting Services Ltd.

• James H. Lindsay

   General Motors R&D Center

• Carl R. Loper, Jr.

   The University of Wisconsin-Madison

• Kenneth Ludema

   University of Michigan

• John MacKrell

   CIMdata, Inc.

• Arnold R. Marder

   Lehigh University

• Lee S. Mayer

   Cessna Aircraft Company

• Anna E. McHale

   Consultant

• Gerald H. Meier

   University of Pittsburgh

• A. Mikulec

   Ford Motor Company

• M.R. Mitchell

   Rockwell International Science Center

• James G. Morris

   University of Kentucky

• Edward Muccio

   Ferris State University

• Mary C. Murdock

   Buffalo State College

• James A. Murray

   Independent Consultant

• John S. Nelson

   Pennsylvania Steel Technologies, Inc.

• Glenn B. Nordmark

   Consultant

• David LeRoy Olson

   Colorado School of Mines

• Joel Orr

   Orr Associates International

• Kevin N. Otto

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• William G. Ovens

   Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

• Charles Overby

   Ohio University

• Leander F. Pease III

   Powder-Tech Associates, Inc.

• Thomas S. Piwonka

   The University of Alabama

• Michael Poccia

   Eastman Kodak Company

• Hans H. Portisch

   Krupp VDM Austria GmbH

• Tom Priestley

   Analogy Inc.

• Louis J. Pulgrano

   DuPont Company

• Chandra Putcha

   California State University, Fullerton

• Donald W. Radford

   Colorado State University

• James A. Rains, Jr.

   General Motors Corporation

• Harold S. Reemsnyder

   Bethlehem Steel Corporation

• Michael Rigdon

   Institute for Defense Analyses

• David A. Rigney

   The Ohio State University

• Ana Rivas

   Case Western Reserve University

• J. Barry Roach

   Welch Allyn, Inc.

• Mark L. Robinson

   Hamilton Precision Metals, Inc.

• Gerald J. Roe

   Bethlehem Steel Corporation

• Edwin Ruh

   Ruh International Inc.

• John Rumble

   National Institute of Standards and Technology

• Jerry Russmann

   Deere & Company

• C.O. Ruud

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Edmund F. Rybicki

   The University of Tulsa

• K. Sampath

   Concurrent Technologies Corporation

• John A. Schey

   University of Waterloo

• Julie M. Schoenung

   California State Polytechnic University, Ponoma

• Marlene Schwarz

   Polaroid Corporation

• S.L. Semiatin

   Air Force Materials Directorate, Wright Laboratory

• Donald P. Seraphim

   Rainbow Displays & Company

• Sheri D. Sheppard

   Stanford University

• John A. Shields, Jr.

   CSM Industries, Inc.

• Allen W. Sindel

   Sindel & Associates

• M. Singh

   NYMA, Inc., NASA Lewis Research Center

• James L. Smialek

   NASA Lewis Research Center

• Charles O. Smith

   Engineering Consultant

• Robert S. Sproule

   Consulting Engineer

• James T. Staley

   Alcoa Technical Center

• Edgar A. Starke, Jr.

   University of Virginia

• Henry Stoll

   Northwestern University

• Brent Strong

   Brigham Young University

• Gary S. Strumolo

   Ford Motor Company

• John Sullivan

   Ford Motor Company

• Thomas F. Talbot

   Consulting Engineer

• Raj B. Thakkar

   A.O. Smith Automotive Products Company

• Thomas Thurman

   Rockwell Avionics and Communications

• Tracy S. Tillman

   Eastern Michigan University

• Peter Timmins

   Risk Based Inspection Inc.

• George E. Totten

   Union Carbide Corporation

• Marc Tricard

   Norton Company

• R.C. Tucker, Jr.

   Praxair Surface Technologies, Inc.

• Floyd R. Tuler

   Alcan Aluminum Corporation

• George F. Vander Voort

   Buehler Ltd.

• Garret N. Vanderplaats

   Vanderplaats Research & Development, Inc.

• Jack R. Vinson

   University of Delaware

• Anthony M. Waas

   University of Michigan

• John Walters

   Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation

• Harry W. Walton

   The Torrington Company

• Paul T. Wang

   Alcoa Technical Center

• Colin Wearring

   Variation Systems Analysis, Inc.

• David C. Weckman

   University of Waterloo

• David W. Weiss

   University of Maryland

• Volker Weiss

   Syracuse University

• Jack H. Westbrook

   Brookline Technologies

• Bruce A. Wilson

   McDonnell Douglas Corporation

• Ronald Wolosewicz

   Rockwell Graphic Systems

• Kristin L. Wood

   University of Texas

• David A. Woodford

   Materials Performance analysis, Inc.

• Michael G. Wyzgoski

   General Motors R&D Center

• Ren-Jye Yang

   Ford Motor Company

• Steven B. Young

   Trent University

• David C. Zenger

   Worcester Polytechnic Institute

• George Krauss

   President and Trustee

   Colorado School of Mines

• Alton D. Romig, Jr.

   Vice President and Trustee

   Sandia National Laboratories

• Michael J. DeHaemer

   Secretary and Managing Director

   ASM International

• W. Raymond Cribb

   Treasurer

   Brush Wellman Inc.

• William E. Quist

   Immediate Past President

   Boeing Commercial Airplane Group

• Nicholas F. Fiore

   Carpenter Technology Corporation

• Merton C. Flemings

   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Gerald G. Hoeft

   Caterpillar Inc.

• Kishor M. Kulkarni

   Advanced Metalworking Practices Inc.

• Thomas F. McCardle

   Kolene Corporation

• Bhakta B. Rath

   U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

• Darrell W. Smith

   Michigan Technological University

• Leo G. Thompson

   Lindberg Corporation

• William Wallace

   National Research Council Canada

• William L. Mankins

   (Chair 1994-; Member 1989-)

   Inco Alloys International Inc.

• Michelle M. Gauthier

   (Vice Chair 1994-; Member 1990-)

   Raytheon Company

• Bruce P. Bardes (1993-)

   Miami University

• Rodney R. Boyer (1982–1985; 1995-)

   Boeing Commercial Airplane Group

• Toni M. Brugger (1993-)

   Carpenter Technology

• R. Chattopadhyay (1996-)

   Consultant

• Rosalind P. Cheslock (1994-)

   Ashurst Technology Center Inc.

• Craig V. Darragh (1989-)

   The Timken Company

• Aicha Elshabini-Riad (1990-)

   Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University

• Henry E. Fairman (1993-)

   MQS Inspection Inc.

• Michael T. Hahn (1995-)

   Northrop Grumman Corporation

• Larry D. Hanke (1994-)

   Materials Evaluation and Engineering Inc.

• Dennis D. Huffman (1982-)

   The Timken Company

• S. Jim Ibarra, Jr. (1991-)

   Amoco Corporation

• Dwight Janoff (1995-)

   FMC Corporation

• Paul J. Kovach (1995-)

   Stress Engineering Services Inc.

• Peter W. Lee (1990-)

   The Timken Company

• Anthony J. Rotolico (1993-)

   Engelhard Surface Technology

• Mahi Sahoo (1993-)

   CANMET

• Wilbur C. Simmons (1993-)

   Army Research Office

• Kenneth B. Tator (1991-)

   KTA-Tator Inc.

• Malcolm Thomas (1993-)

   Allison Engine Company

• Jeffrey Waldman (1995-)

   Drexel University

• Dan Zhao (1996-)

   Essex Group Inc.

• R.J. Austin

   (1992–1994) (Member 1984–1996)

• L.B. Case

   (1931–1933) (Member 1927–1933)

• T.D. Cooper

   (1984–1986) (Member 1981–1986)

• E.O. Dixon

   (1952–1954) (Member 1947–1955)

• R.L. Dowdell

   (1938–1939) (Member 1935–1939)

• J.P. Gill

   (1937) (Member 1934–1937)

• J.D. Graham

   (1966–1968) (Member 1961–1970)

• J.F. Harper

   (1923–1926) (Member 1923–1926)

• C.H. Herty, Jr.

   (1934–1936) (Member 1930–1936)

• D.D. Huffman

   (1986–1990) (Member 1982-)

• J.B. Johnson

   (1948–1951) (Member 1944–1951)

• L.J. Korb

   (1983) (Member 1978–1983)

• R.W.E. Leiter

   (1962–1963) (Member 1955–1958,

   1960–1964)

• G.V. Luerssen

   (1943–1947) (Member 1942–1947)

• G.N. Maniar

   (1979–1980) (Member 1974–1980)

• J.L. McCall

   (1982) (Member 1977–1982)

• W.J. Merten

   (1927–1930) (Member 1923–1933)

• D.L. Olson

   (1990–1992) (Member 1982–1988,

   1989–1992)

• N.E. Promisel

   (1955–1961) (Member 1954–1963)

• G.J. Shubat

   (1973–1975) (Member 1966–1975)

• W.A. Stadtler

   (1969–1972) (Member 1962–1972)

• R. Ward

   (1976–1978) (Member 1972–1978)

• M.G.H. Wells

   (1981) (Member 1976–1981)

• D.J. Wright

   (1964–1965) (Member 1959–1967)

ASM International staff who contributed to the development of the Volume included Scott D. Henry, Assistant Director of Reference Publications; Steven R. Lampman, Technical Editor; Grace M. Davidson, Manager of Handbook Production; Bonnie R. Sanders, Chief Copy Editor; Randall L. Boring, Production Coordinator; Kathleen S. Dragolich, Production Coordinator; and Amy E. Hammel, Editorial Assistant. Editorial assistance was provided by Nikki DiMatteo, Kelly Ferjutz, Heather Lampman, and Mary Jane Riddlebaugh. The Volume was prepared under the direction of William W. Scott, Jr., Director of Technical Publications.

ASM Handbook, Volume 20, Materials Selection and Design was converted to electronic files in 1999. The conversion was based on the first printing (1997). No substantive changes were made to the content of the Volume, but some minor corrections and clarifications were made as needed.

ASM International staff who contributed to the conversion of the Volume included Sally Fahrenholz-Mann, Bonnie Sanders, Marlene Seuffert, Gayle Kalman, Scott Henry, Robert Braddock, Alexandra Hoskins, and Erika Baxter. The electronic version was prepared under the direction of William W. Scott, Jr., Technical Director, and Michael J. DeHaemer, Managing Director.