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The International Committee of Foundry Technical Associations has identified seven basic categories of casting defects: metallic projections, cavities, discontinuities, defective surfaces, incomplete casting, incorrect dimension, and inclusions or structural anomalies. This article presents some of the common defects in each of the seven categories. It also discusses select case studies relevant to inclusions, cavities (gas porosity, shrinkage), and discontinuities (hot tearing, cold shut).

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