Credits Free

• David L. Bourell

   University of Texas at Austin

• William Frazier

   Pilgrim Consulting LLC

• Howard Kuhn

   University of Pittsburgh

• Mohsen Seifi

   ASTM International, Case Western Reserve University

• Kareem S. Aggour

   GE Research

• Simon Altenburg

   Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung

• Ronald Aman

   EWI

• Yun Bai

   Ford Motor Company

• John Barnes

   The Barnes Global Advisors

• Paul Bates

   ASTM International

• Majid Beidaghi

   Auburn University

• Dhruv Bhate

   Arizona State University

• Eric Biedermann

   Vibrant Corporation

• Bill Bihlman

   Aerolytics

• Byron Blakey-Milner

   University of KwaZulu-Natal

• Andrew C. Bobel

   General Motors

• Rachel Boillat

   Missouri University of Science and Technology

• Klas Boivie

   SINTEF Manufacturing AS

• David L. Bourell

   University of Texas

• Nick Brierley

   diondo

• Tyson W. Brown

   General Motors

• Ewen Carcreff

   The Phased Array Company

• Valerio Carollo

   The Welding Institute

• Samuel J. Clark

   Argonne National Laboratory

• Shane Collins

   Wohlers Associates

• Leilani Cooper

   NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

• David Jeffrey Corbin

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Peter Coutts

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Nathan B. Crane

   Brigham Young University

• Enrique Cuan-Urquizo

   Tecnologico de Monterrey

• Mehdi Amiri Darehbidi

   George Mason University

• David Deisenroth

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Carl Dekker

   Met-L-Flo Inc.

• A.G. de la Yedra

   Lortek

• Agustin Diaz

   REM Surface Engineering

• James Dobbs

   The Boeing Company

• Tanni Alam Dola

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Chaoran Dou

   Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

• José Duarte

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Anton du Plessis

   Stellenbosch University

   Object Research Systems

• Ben Dutton

   The Manufacturing Technology Centre Ltd.

• Mahmut Ekenel

   International Code Council Evaluation Services

• Daniel Elkins

   Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

• Joshua Elliott

   The Manufacturing Technology Centre Ltd.

• Jérémie Farret

   Inmind Technologies Inc.

   Mind in a Box Inc.

• Ben Ferrar

   Carpenter Additive

• Kamel Fezzaa

   Argonne National Laboratory

• Michael Fiske

   NASA Jacobs Space Exploration Group

• Jason C. Fox

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• William Frazier

   Pilgrim Consulting LLC

• George Galanes

   Diamond Technical Services

• Fernando Garcia

   Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy

• Jacob Gatlin

   Auburn University

• Ole Geisen

   Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG

• Ilerioluwa Giwa

   Louisiana State University

• Mikhail Gladkikh

   Baker Hughes Company

• Joy Gockel

   Colorado School of Mines

• Jiadong Gong

   QuesTek Innovations

• Paul Gradl

   NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

• Richa Gupta

   University of Pennsylvania

• Marwan Haddad

   Texas A&M University

• Meysam Haghshenas

   The University of Toledo

• Ola Harrysson

   North Carolina State University

• Michael Hast

   University of Pennsylvania

• Jie Kang Haw

   ASTM International

   National University of Singapore

• Devlin Hayduke

   ReLogic Research, Inc.

• William Herbert

   Carpenter Additive

• Curtis W. Hill

   NASA Marshall Space Flight Center ESSCA

• Paul Hooper

   Imperial College London

• A.J. Huang

   Monash University

• David Hwang

   U.S. Food & Drug Administration

• Sriram Praneeth Isanaka

   Missouri University of Science and Technology

• Mikdam Jamal

   The Manufacturing Technology Centre Limited

• Steve James

   Castheon Inc.

• Mahdi Jamshidinia

   ASTM International

• Bradley Jared

   The University of Tennessee

• S.P. Jeffs

   Swansea University

• Lori Jia

   University of Pennsylvania

• Kyle L. Johnson

   Sandia National Laboratories

• Albert Jones

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Lauren Judkins

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Kevin Jurrens

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Hayley B. Katz

   U.S. Army DEVCOM AC

• Ali Kazemian

   Louisiana State University

• Felix Kim

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Samyeon Kim

   Jeonju University

• Michael Kirka

   Oak Ridge National Laboratory

• Alex Kitt

   EWI

• Hyunwoong Ko

   Arizona State University

• Yong Lin Kong

   University of Utah

• Zhenyu (James) Kong

   Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

• Michael Kottman

   Mantle Inc.

• Nadia Kouraytem

   Utah State University

• Thomas Kozmel

   QuesTek Innovations

• Howard Kuhn

   Consultant

   University of Pittsburgh

• R.J. Lancaster

   Swansea University

• Brandon Lane

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Matthijs Langelaar

   Delft University of Technology

• Erin Lanigan

   NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

• Marc Lany

   AMiquam SA

• Nans Laroche

   The Phased Array Company

• Yousub Lee

   Oak Ridge National Laboratory

   Nanyang Technological University

• Frank Liou

   Missouri University of Science and Technology

• Alexander Zhonghong Liu

   ASTM International

• Chenang Liu

   Oklahoma State University

• Yan Lu

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Afina Lupulescu

   ASM International

• Eric MacDonald

   The University of Texas at El Paso

   Oak Ridge National Laboratory

• Zaynab Mahbooba

   EOS

• Masoud Mahjouri-Samani

   Auburn University

• Guha Manogharan

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Howard Marotto

   EWI

• Toby Maw

   The Manufacturing Technology Centre

• Nicholas Meisel

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Luke Mohr

   Edison Welding Institute

• Dan Moser

   Sandia National Laboratories

• Sneha P. Narra

   Carnegie Mellon University

• Ali Nasiri

   Dalhousie University

• Abdalla Nassar

   John Deere

• Anne-Françoise Obaton

   Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais,

   French National Metrology Institute, Paris, France

• Chinedum Okwudire

   University of Michigan

• João Pedro Oliveira

   Universidade Nova de Lisboa

• Ajit Panesar

   Imperial College London

• Vincent Paquit

   Oak Ridge National Laboratory

• Alison Park

   NASA Langley Research Center

• Eujin Pei

   Brunel University

• Qingjin Peng

   University of Manitoba

• Milica Perišić

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Jan Petrich

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Behrang Poorganji

   The University of Toledo

• Ala Qattawi

   The University of Toledo

• Khalid Rafi

   ASTM International

• Tharun Reddy

   Carnegie Mellon University

• Robert Rettew

   Chevron USA, Inc.

• Edward Reutzel

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Bernard Revaz

   AMiquam SA

• Francois Richard

   Pratt & Whitney Canada

• Michael Roach

   The University of Mississippi

• Christopher Roberts

   NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

• Theron M. Rodgers

   Sandia National Laboratories

• Kirk Rogers

   The Barnes Global Advisors

• David Rosen

   Georgia Institute of Technology

• J.P. Rouse

   University of Nottingham

• Richard Russell

   NASA Engineering and Safety Center

• David H. Sabanosh

   U.S. Army DEVCOM AC

• Anil K. Sachdev

   General Motors

• Navin Sakthivel

   Baker Hughes

• Matthew Sanders

   Stress Engineering Services, Inc.

• Gilles Santi

   AMiquam SA

• Gen Satoh

   Raytheon Technologies Research Center

• Frank Schoofs

   Satellite Applications Catapult

• Eddie Schwalbach

   Air Force Research Laboratory

• Carolyn Seepersad

   The University of Texas at Austin

• Mohsen Seifi

   ASTM International

   Case Western Reserve University

• Nima Shamsaei

   Auburn University

• Alexander Shkoruta

   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

• Kostas Sierros

   West Virginia University

• Brian Simonds

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Swee Leong Sing

   National University of Singapore

• Kirstie Snodderly

   ASTM International

• Zackary Snow

   Oak Ridge National Laboratory

• Ashley D. Spear

   University of Utah

• Adriaan Spierings

   inspire AG

• Michael Sprayberry

   Oak Ridge National Laboratory

• Marvin Spurek

   ETH Zurich, Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing

   inspire AG

• Michael E. Stender

   Sandia National Laboratories

• Tao Sun

   University of Virginia

• Edgar Yong Sheng Tan

   Thyssenkrupp

• My My Tang

   University of Pennsylvania

• Tim Teinturier

   University of Pennsylvania

• William Frieden Templeton

   Carnegie Mellon University

• Scott M. Thompson

   Kansas State University

• Darren Tinker

   NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

• Seyed Alireza Torbati-Sarraf

   Divergent Technologies, Inc.

• J. Torres

   Bucknell University

• Nathanael Turner

   The Manufacturing Technology Centre

• Mike Vasquez

   3Degrees Consulting

• Lakshmi Jyotshna Vendra

   Baker Hughes Company

• Wilson Vesga

   The Manufacturing Technology Centre Ltd.

• Simon Waite

   European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)

• Jess Waller

   New Mexico State University

• Qian Wang

   The Pennsylvania State University

• Yan Wang

   Georgia Institute of Technology

• Konrad Wegener

   ETH Zurich, Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing

• Martin White

   ASTM International

• Jonatan Wicht

   AMiquam SA

• Paul Wilson

   The Boeing Company

• Paul Witherell

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Sarah J. Wolff

   Texas A&M University

• Janet Wong

   Georgia Institute of Technology

• S. Wu

   Monash University

• Mark Yampolskiy

   Auburn University

• Sheng Yang

   University of Guelph

• Jiahui Ye

   Texas A&M University

• Saikumar Yeratapally

   NASA Langley Research Center

• Ho Yeung

   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Joseph Zalameda

   NASA Langley Research Center

• Yaoyao Fiona Zhao

   McGill University

• Y.M. Zhu

   Monash University

• David B. Williams

   President

   The Ohio State University

• Pradeep Goyal

   Senior Vice President

   Pradeep Metals Limited

• Dr. Navin J. Manjooran

   Vice President

   Solve

• Judith Todd

   Immediate Past President

   The Pennsylvania State University

• John C. Kuli, Jr.

   Treasurer

   Materion (Retired)

• Sandy Robert

   Executive Director

   ASM International

• Amber Black

   Los Alamos National Laboratory

• Pierpaolo Carlone

   University of Salerno

• André McDonald

   University of Alberta

• Burak Akyuz

   Applied Technical Services, Inc. (ATS)

• Elizabeth Hoffman

   Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL)

• Toni Marechaux

   Booz Allen Hamilton

• Ann Bolcavage

   Rolls-Royce Corporation

• U. Kamachi Mudali

   VIT Bhopal University

• James E. Saal

   Citrine Informatics

Student Board Members

• Jaime Berez

   Georgia Institute of Technology

• Ashlie Hamilton

   University of Minnesota

• Nicole M. Hudak

   The Ohio State University

• Scott Olig, Chair

   U.S. Naval Research Lab

• Dehua Yang, Vice Chair

   Ebatco

• Craig Schroeder, Immediate Past Chair

   Briggs & Stratton

• Alan Druschitz, Ex-Officio Member

   Virginia Tech

• Sabit Ali

   AVIVA Metals

• Kevin Anderson

   Mercury Marine

• Scott Beckwith

   BTG Composites Inc.

• Lichun (Leigh) Chen

   Superior Essex

• Narendra B. Dahotre

   University of North Texas

• Bryan Harder

   NASA

• John Harkness

• Charles Himmelblau

• Martin Jones

   Ford Motor Company

• Brad Lindner

   Element Materials Technology

• Steven J. McDanels

   NASA

• Dana Medlin

   EAG Laboratories, Inc.

• S.V.S. Narayana Murty

   Vikram Sarabhai Space Center

• Roger Narayan

   UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering

• Jorge Perdomo

   Stress Engineering Services Inc.

• Bojan Podgornik

   Institute of Metals and Technology

• Muthukumarasamy Sadayappan

   Natural Resources Canada

• Satyam Sahay

   John Deere Technology Center India

• Jeffery Smith

   Material Processing Technology, LLC

• John Tartaglia

   Element Materials Technology

• George Totten

   G.E. Totten & Associates LLC

• George Vander Voort

   Vander Voort Consulting LLC

• Christopher Viney

   University of California—Merced

• Junsheng Wang

   Beijing Institute of Technology

• Valerie Wiesner

   NASA Glenn Research Center

• Sung Yi

   Portland State University

• J.F. Harper

   (1923–1926) (Member 1923–1926)

• W.J. Merten

   (1927–1930) (Member 1923–1933)

• L.B. Case

   (1931–1933) (Member 1927–1933)

• C.H. Herty, Jr.

   (1934–1936) (Member 1930–1936)

• J.P. Gill

   (1937) (Member 1934–1937)

• R.L. Dowdell

   (1938–1939) (Member 1935–1939)

• G.V. Luerssen

   (1943–1947) (Member 1942–1947)

• J.B. Johnson

   (1948–1951) (Member 1944–1951)

• E.O. Dixon

   (1952–1954) (Member 1947–1955)

• N.E. Promisel

   (1955–1961) (Member 1954–1963)

• R.W.E. Leiter

   (1962–1963) (Member 1955–1958, 1960–1964)

• D.J. Wright

   (1964–1965) (Member 1959–1967)

• J.D. Graham

   (1966–1968) (Member 1961–1970)

• W.A. Stadtler

   (1969–1972) (Member 1962–1972)

• G.J. Shubat

   (1973–1975) (Member 1966–1975)

• R. Ward

   (1976–1978) (Member 1972–1978)

• G.N. Maniar

   (1979–1980) (Member 1974–1980)

• M.G.H. Wells

   (1981) (Member 1976–1981)

• J.L. McCall

   (1982) (Member 1977–1982)

• L.J. Korb

   (1983) (Member 1978–1983)

• T.D. Cooper

   (1984–1986) (Member 1981–1986)

• D.D. Huffman

   (1986–1990) (Member 1982–1991)

• D.L. Olson

   (1990–1992) (Member 1982–1992)

• R.J. Austin

   (1992–1994) (Member 1984–1985)

• W.L. Mankins

   (1994–1997) (Member 1989–1998)

• M.M. Gauthier

   (1997–1998) (Member 1990–2000)

• C.V. Darragh

   (1999–2002) (Member 1989–2002)

• H.E. Fairman

   (2002–2004) (Member 1993–2006)

• J.A. Hawk

   (2004–2006) (Member 1997–2008)

• L.D. Hanke

   (2006–2008) (Member 1994–2012)

• K.L. Johnson

   (2008–2010) (Member 1999–2014)

• C.D. Clauser

   (2010–2012) (Member 2005–2016)

• J.W. Newkirk

   (2012–2014) (Member 2005–2018)

• G. Vander Voort

   (2014–2016) (Member 1997-)

• A.P. Druschitz

   (2016–2018) (Member 2009–2024)

• C. Schroeder

   (2018–2021) (Member 2015–2023)

• S. Olig

   (2021–2023) (Member 2015–2023)

ASM International staff who contributed to the development of the Volume included Amy Nolan, Content Developer; Robert Meyer, Content Developer; Madrid Tramble, Manager, Production; Marc Cibella, Production Coordinator; Karesha Nutter, Production Coordinator; Karen Marken, Senior Managing Editor; Scott D. Henry, Senior Content Engineer.