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yield stress
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in Failure Analysis of a Radio-Activated Accelerator Component
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Failure Modes and Mechanisms
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 23 Yield stress as a function of dose for the current tests (♦), data from Ref 10 (▪), and neutron-irradiated alloy 718 from EBR II (X) 1
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Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 7 Variation of ultimate strength, yield stress, and elongation with temperature for cellulose acetate. Adapted from Ref 10
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Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 2 Yield stress of swollen polymethyl methacrylate samples as a function of the polymer volume fraction, ϕ 2, and temperature. (a), air; (b), methanol; (c), ethanol; (d), n -propanol; (e), n- butanol. Source: Ref 32
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in Superplastic HSLA Steels: Microstructure and Failure
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 5 Influence of strain rate on yield stress ( a ) and super-index m ( b ) in superplastic behavior at 800 °C
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in Superplastic HSLA Steels: Microstructure and Failure
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 15 Theoretic curves (Ashby–Verrall model) of logarithm of yield stress/shear modulus versus logarithm of strain rate considering different grain sizes as well as for the steel investigated ( dashed line )
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006934
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract This article describes the general aspects of creep, stress relaxation, and yielding for homogeneous polymers. It then presents creep failure mechanisms in polymers. The article discusses extrapolative methods for the prediction of long-term creep failure in polymer materials...
Abstract
This article describes the general aspects of creep, stress relaxation, and yielding for homogeneous polymers. It then presents creep failure mechanisms in polymers. The article discusses extrapolative methods for the prediction of long-term creep failure in polymer materials. Then, the widely used models to simulate the service life of polymers are highlighted. These include the Burgers power-law model, the Findley power-law model, the time-temperature superposition (or equivalence) principle (TTSP), and the time-stress superposition principle (TSSP). The Larson-Miller parametric method, one of the most common to describe the material deformation and rupture time, is also discussed.
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Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 16 Comparison of crazing stress and shear-yielding stress on σ 1 and σ 2 biaxial section. Adapted from Ref 32
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in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 84 The yield surface for an isotropic material in principal stress space with strain axes superimposed on the stress axes. Strain increments obtained on yielding for various loading paths are indicated. The resultant strain increment in the σ 1 -σ 2 plane is normal to the yield surface
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in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 84 Yield surface for an isotropic material in principal stress space with strain axes superimposed on the stress axes. Strain increments obtained on yielding for various loading paths are indicated. The resultant strain increment in the σ 1 -σ 2 plane is normal to the yield surface
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Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 2 Stress-strain curve of a ductile plastic. Ϭ f = stress at fracture; Ϭ y = yield stress; ε y = yield strain; ε f = strain at fracture
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 10 Finite-element model of stress contours for outside (west) gusset plate at U10W. (a) At time of I-35W bridge opening in 1967. (b) After 1977 and 1998 renovation projects, which increased deck thickness and modified barriers. (c) On August 1, 2007. Note areas that are yielding (dark
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in Failures of Structures and Components by Metal-Induced Embrittlement
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 1 Delayed-failure curve (time-to-failure versus applied stress as a percentage of the yield stress) for aluminium-alloy weld (5083) specimens exposed to liquid mercury at 20 °C. Note that failure can be almost immediate (see arrows) or ~100 h for the same stress level [ 11 ]
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Published: 15 May 2022
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006944
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... for behavior of a polymer under constant strain rate. As the strain is increased, the stress reaches a critical point at which there is a deviation from Hooke’s law, and then the stress begins to decrease with increasing strain. This critical strain is referred to as the yield strain, ε y...
Abstract
The discussion on the fracture of solid materials, both metals and polymers, customarily begins with a presentation of the stress-strain behavior and of how various conditions such as temperature and strain-rate affect the mechanisms of deformation and fracture. This article describes crazing and fracture in polymeric materials, with a review of the behavior of the elastic modulus as a function of temperature or time parameters, emphasizing the importance of the viscoelastic nature of their deformation and fracture. The discussion covers the behavior of polymers under stress, provides information on ductile and brittle behaviors, and describes craze initiation in polymers and crack formation and fracture by crazing. Macroscopic permanent deformation of polymeric materials caused by shear-yielding and crazing, which eventually can result in fracture and failure, is also covered.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001221
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... treated prestressed concrete steel St 145/160 with a minimum yield stress of 145 kgf/mm 2 and tensile strength of 160 kgf/mm 2 . While the wire bundles, each containing over 100 wires, were being drawn into the channels they were repeatedly pulled over the sharp edges of square section guide blocks...
Abstract
During the construction of a prestressed concrete viaduct, several 12.2 mm diam wires ruptured after tensioning but before the channels were grouted. They were made of heat treated prestressed concrete steel St 145/160. While the wire bundles, each containing over 100 wires, were being drawn into the channels they were repeatedly pulled over the sharp edges of square section guide blocks. The fractures were initiated at these chafe zones. It was concluded that the chafing of the wires on the edges of the guide blocks, particularly the resulting martensite formation, caused the wires to rupture.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006919
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... and rate influence impact problems is more closely related to differences in material behavior. Material properties can show rate dependence, the effects of which will definitely be visible in impact events. If the material is a plastic that yields, the stress at which it occurs is often a function...
Abstract
This article reviews the impact response of plastic components and the various methods used to evaluate it.. It describes the effects of loading rate on polymer deformation and the influence of temperature and strain rate on failure mode. It discusses the advantages and limitations of standard impact tests, the use of puncture tests for assessing material behavior under extreme strain, and the application of fracture mechanics for analyzing impact failures. It also develops and demonstrates the theory involved in the design and analysis of thin-walled, injection-molded plastic components.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001816
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
..., Ti 0.026 , V 0.002, Nb 0.033 , Mo 0.004, Ni 0.031, Sn 0.002, Al (soluble) 0.027, B 0.0001, N 0.0055, Zr 0.0000, Ca 0.0001, O 0.0000, H 2.00 ppm, B (soluble) 0.0000. In the same way, the specified mechanical properties are higher yield stress ( σ y ) = 447 MPa, ultimate tensile stress ( σ max...
Abstract
This paper describes the superplastic characteristics of shipbuilding steel deformed at 800 °C and a strain rate less than 0.001/s. After the superplastic deformation, the steel presents mixed fractures: by decohesion of the hard (pearlite and carbides) and ductile (ferrite) phases and by intergranular sliding of ferrite/ferrite and ferrite/pearlite, just as it occurs in stage III creep behavior. The behavior is confirmed through the Ashby-Verrall model, according to which the dislocation creep (power-law creep) and diffusion creep (linear-viscous creep) occur simultaneously.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003513
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Generating Board. SF, safety factor; σ, applied stress; σ y , yield strength; a, crack length; W, panel width If a point describing the state of a component or structure (e.g., point W ) falls below the R6 curve ( Fig. 1 ), the structure is considered to be safe. A point falling on or above the R6...
Abstract
Optimized modeling of fracture-critical structural components and connections requires the application of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. Such applications, however, can require sophisticated analytical techniques such as crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), failure assessment diagram (FAD), and deformation plasticity failure assessment diagram (DPFAD). This article presents the origin and description of FAD and addresses R6 FAD using J-integral. It details the fracture criteria of BS 7910. The factors to be considered during the use of FAD and the applications of FAD are also reviewed.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c9001668
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... Properties and Specifications Property Measured Values Specified Mean Std Dev Value (a) Yield stress, MPa 873.3 ± 27.6 635 minimum Ultimate stress, MPa 968.7 ± 25.9 825 minimum Fracture stress, MPa 676.7 ± 25.8 - Yield strain, m/m 0.0220 ± 0.0007 - Uniform...
Abstract
A detailed investigative failure analysis was conducted on an autoclave which blew apart in a furnace for no apparent reason. Bolt failure resulted in separation of the autoclave lid and subsequent destruction of the furnace. Analysis using metallography, fractography, mechanical testing and exemplar tests were performed on the bolt material. Mechanical engineering analysis and leak-before-break criteria were extensively analyzed. Results led to only one possible conclusion: that an explosion occurred within the autoclave. Suggestions for autoclave design are presented as a result of the analysis.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.med.c9001606
EISBN: 978-1-62708-226-6
... steel was assigned a yield stress of 250 MPa (36 ksi), a tensile strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi), and an elastic modulus of 210 GPa (30460 ksi). The titanium alloy was assigned a yield stress of 800 MPa (116 ksi), a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi), and an elastic modulus of 116 GPa (16820 ksi). 16...
Abstract
Failures of four different 300-series austenitic stainless steel biomedical fixation implants were examined. The device fractures were observed optically, and their surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Fractography identified fatigue to be the failure mode for all four of the implants. In every instance, the fatigue cracks initiated from the attachment screw holes at the reduced cross sections of the implants. Two fixation implant designs were analyzed using finite-element modeling. This analysis confirmed the presence of severe stress concentrations adjacent to the attachment screw holes, the fatigue crack initiation sites. Conclusions were reached regarding the design of these types of implant fixation devices, particularly the location of the attachment screw holes. The use of austenitic stainless steel for these biomedical implant devices is also addressed. Recommendations to improve the fixation implant design are suggested, and the potential benefits of the substitution of titanium or a titanium alloy for the stainless steel are discussed.
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