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valve body
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001375
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... Abstract Three sprinkler system dry pipe valve castings (class 30 gray iron), two that had failed in service and one that had been rejected during machining because of porosity, were submitted for examination. The two failures consisted of cracks in a seating face. All three were from the same...
Abstract
Three sprinkler system dry pipe valve castings (class 30 gray iron), two that had failed in service and one that had been rejected during machining because of porosity, were submitted for examination. The two failures consisted of cracks in a seating face. All three were from the same heat. Visual examination showed that the casting had cracked through a thin area in the casting sidewall. Evidence of a sharply machined corner at the fracture site was also discovered. Tensile testing and metallographic analysis revealed no metallurgical cause for the failure. It was recommended that the manufacturer work with the foundry to evaluate the criticality of core placement and to eliminate the undesired thin section.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... of failure and provide preventive measures. The valve body was made of A216-WCC cast carbon steel. Its inner surface was covered with cracks stemming from surface pits. Investigators concluded that the failure was caused by a combination of hydrogen-induced corrosion cracking and sulfide stress-corrosion...
Abstract
A group of control valves that regulate production in a field of sour gas wellheads performed satisfactorily for three years before pits and cracks were detected during an inspection. One of the valves was examined using chemical and microstructural analysis to determine the cause of failure and provide preventive measures. The valve body was made of A216-WCC cast carbon steel. Its inner surface was covered with cracks stemming from surface pits. Investigators concluded that the failure was caused by a combination of hydrogen-induced corrosion cracking and sulfide stress-corrosion cracking. Based on test data and cost, A217-WC9 cast Cr–Mo steel would be a better alloy for the application.
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in Failure Analysis: Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking of A216-WCC Wellhead Flow Control Valve Body
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 1 Wellhead flow control valve body, 3″ID 2500# A216-WCC, the body carries sour gases with a high wet H 2 S content (24,000 ppm). The maximum working pressure is 1100 psi
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in Brittle Fracture of a Cast Iron Valve in Oleum and Sulfuric Acid Service
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
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in Brittle Fracture of a Cast Iron Valve in Oleum and Sulfuric Acid Service
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 17 Finite-element models. (a)“As built” flange-to-valve body juncture with bolt load from torqued studs (in increments of approximately 91 70 kPa, or 133- psi). (b)“Corroded at fracture” flange-to-valve body juncture with bolt load from torqued studs (in increments of approximately 10,600
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Published: 01 December 1993
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 57 Photograph of brass valve body fracture surface. Courtesy of F. Hossain and V.-A. Ulcickas, Massachusetts Materials Research, Inc.
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 58 Scanning electron microscopy images of brass valve body fracture surface. Arrows indicate crack branches. Courtesy of F. Hossain and V.-A. Ulcickas, Massachusetts Materials Research, Inc.
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in Failure Analysis: Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking of A216-WCC Wellhead Flow Control Valve Body
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
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in Failure Analysis: Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking of A216-WCC Wellhead Flow Control Valve Body
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 3 Severe corrosion on the inner surface of the control valve body, ( a ) near the seat ring, ( b ) near the valve’s flange
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in Failure Analysis: Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking of A216-WCC Wellhead Flow Control Valve Body
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 4 A cross section of valve body base metal after 3 years of service in wet H 2 S environment. ( a ) Crack emanating from inner surface of the valve’s surface, ( b ) holes and cracks near central zone of the valve, ( c ) surface of the valve’s flange, there is a clear evidence
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001071
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... kPa (150 psi) and 120 deg C (250 deg F) maximum in 93 to 99% sulfuric acid. The fracture originated at stress-corrosion cracks that occurred in a high-stress transition region at the valve body-to-flange juncture. The mechanical properties of the failed valve were below those of the manufacturer's...
Abstract
A gray cast iron (ASTM 247 type A) gate valve in an oleum and sulfuric acid piping loop at a chemical process plant fractured catastrophically after approximately 10 years of service. The valve was a 150 mm (6 in.) bolted flange type rated to conform to ANSI B16.1 for service at 1034 kPa (150 psi) and 120 deg C (250 deg F) maximum in 93 to 99% sulfuric acid. The fracture originated at stress-corrosion cracks that occurred in a high-stress transition region at the valve body-to-flange juncture. The mechanical properties of the failed valve were below those of the manufacturer's cited specification, and the wall thickness through which the fracture occurred exceeded the minimum 9.5 mm (38 in.) thickness cited by the manufacturer The valve flange had been unbolted and rebolted to a maintenanced piping coil immediately prior to failure. It was recommended that the flange-to-valve body juncture be redesigned to reduce stress levels. A method of maintenance and inspection in concert with a criterion for life prediction for this and other valves and components in the system was also recommended.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001329
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... fitting and two ASME SB-148 CA 954 valve bodies) and an entire valve assembly. The leaks were found to be in the socket-weld crevice area and had resulted from dealloying. It was recommended that the weld joint geometry be modified. Control valves Cooling systems Cooling water Hydraulic valves...
Abstract
Various aluminum bronze valves and fittings on the essential cooling water system at a nuclear plant were found to be leaking. The leakage was limited to small-bore socket-welded components. Four specimens were examined: three castings (an ASME SB-148 CA 952 elbow from a small-bore fitting and two ASME SB-148 CA 954 valve bodies) and an entire valve assembly. The leaks were found to be in the socket-weld crevice area and had resulted from dealloying. It was recommended that the weld joint geometry be modified.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c0091358
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... dispensed a discolored drink with a sulfide odor, causing complaints from customers. Manufacturing specifications called for the valve body to be made of type 303 stainless steel, a free-machining steel chosen because of the substantial amount of machining necessary to make the parts. Other machine parts...
Abstract
After about two years in service, a 303 stainless steel valve in contact with a carbonated soft drink in a vending machine occasionally dispensed a discolored drink with a sulfide odor. According to the laboratory at the bottling plant, the soft drink in question was strongly acidic, containing citric and phosphoric acids and having a pH of 2.4 to 2.5. Investigation (visual inspection, chemical analysis, immersion testing in the soft drink, and 100x unetched micrographs) supported the conclusion that the failure was caused by the size and distribution of sulfide stringers in the alloy used in the valve. Manganese sulfide stringers in the valve were exposed at end-grain surfaces in contact with the beverage. The stringers, which were anodic to the surrounding metal, were subject to corrosion, producing a hydrogen sulfide concentration in the immediately adjacent liquid. Recommendations included changing the valve material to type 304 stainless steel.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001558
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... Abstract A liquid hydrogen main fuel control valve for a rocket engine failed by fracture of the Ti-5Al-2.5Sn body during the last of a series of static engine test firings. Fractographic, metallurgical, and stress analyses determined that a combination of fatigue and unexpected aqueous stress...
Abstract
A liquid hydrogen main fuel control valve for a rocket engine failed by fracture of the Ti-5Al-2.5Sn body during the last of a series of static engine test firings. Fractographic, metallurgical, and stress analyses determined that a combination of fatigue and unexpected aqueous stress-corrosion cracking initiated and propagated the crack which caused failure. The failure analysis approach and its results are described to illustrate how fractography and fracture mechanics, together with a knowledge of the crack initiation and propagation mechanisms of the valve material under various stress states and environments, helped investigators to trace the cause of failure.
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in Failure Analysis and Life Assessment of Structural Components and Equipment
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
in the similar valve bodies. (a) Crack indicated by dye-penetrant inspection in bore of valve. 1×. (b) Crack relative to the inlet and outlet ports. 1.25×. (c) Fatigue striation found on the fracture surface. 7000×
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in Failure Prevention through Life Assessment of Structural Components and Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
for similar valve bodies. (a) Crack indicated by dye-penetrant inspection in the bore of the valve. Original magnification: 1×. (b) Crack relative to the inlet and outlet ports. Original magnification: 1.25×. (c) Fatigue striation found on the fracture surface. Original magnification: 7000×
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in Failure Analysis: Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking of A216-WCC Wellhead Flow Control Valve Body
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 6 Typical example of hydrogen induced corrosion cracks extended parallel to the inner surface of the valve body ( a ) OM micrograph, ( b ) SEM micrograph
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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001373
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... of the pressure relief part of the second valve. Unetched. 315× Sample sections were then taken from the threaded cylinder port and from various surfaces of the valve body. Chrome-plated and non-chrome-plated surfaces, both internal and external, were examined. Dezincification was observed in both valves...
Abstract
Two new chrome-plated CDA 377 brass valves intended for inert gas service failed on initial installation. After a pickling operation to clean the metal, the outer surfaces of the valves had been flashed with copper and then plated with nickel and chromium for aesthetic purposes. One of the valves failed by dezincification. The porous copper matrix could not sustain the clamping loads imposed by tightening the pressure relief fitting. The second valve failed by shear overload of the pressure relief fitting. Overload was facilitated by a reduction of cross-sectional area caused by intergranular attack and slight dezincification of the inner bore surface of the fitting. Dezincification and intergranular attack were attributed to excessive exposure to nonoxidizing acids in the pickling bath.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003512
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., then the life assessment results will not accurately assess the part or structure. For example, Fig. 8 shows a defect that was found in the radius of a gate valve stem ( Ref 27 ). In the gate valve stem, the failure analyst determined that a preexisting forging defect was present at the radius. Because other...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the structural design process and discusses the life-limiting factors, including material defects, fabrication practices, and stress. It details the role of a failure investigator in performing nondestructive inspection. The article provides information on fatigue life assessment, elevated-temperature life assessment, and fitness-for-service life assessment.
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