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transformation curve

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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 18 Cooling paths for (a) martempering, (b) austempering, and (c) time quenching superimposed on the isothermal transformation curve for eutectoid steel More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 77 Direct quenching from carburizing temperature. (a) Phase diagram schematic. (b) Continuous cooling transformation curve for a high-carbon surface. (c) Micrograph of direct quenched 3% Ni-Cr carburized steel. 280×. Source: Ref 30 More
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003510
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... temperature and the M s may be determined in order to construct a CCT diagram, such as the one shown for an unalloyed carbon steel (AISI 1045) in Fig. 2 . Continuous cooling transformation curves provide data on the temperatures for each phase transformation, the amount of transformation product obtained...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 66 Comparison of cooling curves as a workpiece cools into and through the martensite transformation range for a conventional quenching and tempering process and for interrupted quenching processes. (a) Conventional quenching and tempering. (b) Marquenching. (c) Modified marquenching. Ae 1 More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001784
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... intermediate strength and toughness ( Fig. 3a ). Coarse grains of ferrite are observed indicative of low carbon ferrite phases ( Fig. 3a ). Feathery bainite forms just below the nose of the time temperature transformation curve [ 2 ] at intermediate cooling rates. Microstructure of a similar part of higher...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006816
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... Abstract This article introduces some of the general sources of heat treating problems with particular emphasis on problems caused by the actual heat treating process and the significant thermal and transformation stresses within a heat treated part. It addresses the design and material factors...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001184
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... of castings or pouring with curves, for instance, iron rods are used, from which pieces may melt off and fall into the liquid steel. But more probably the metallic inclusions originate in floated base places of carbon-deficient steel, such as are inserted into the mold in casting from the above...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003530
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... It also provides information on the applications of fracture mechanics in failure analysis. crack-like imperfection elastic-plastic fracture mechanics failure analysis fracture mechanics linear elastic fracture mechanics stress analysis stress transformation subcritical fracture mechanics...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006767
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
..., and a procedure to deal with stress by determining maximum values through stress transformation is described. The article provides the stress analysis equations of typical component geometries and discusses some of the implications of the stress analysis relative to failure in components. It focuses on linear...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c9001259
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... transformation. All samples were case decarburized. The average depths of decarburization of all 30 samples were measured to be: Shipment S 1 S 2 G Depth of fully decarburized zone [mm] 0,05 0,05 0 Total decarburized depth [mm] 0,14 0,12 0,05 Fig. 1 Core structure of the wires...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.9781627081801
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006548
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... temperature at which austenite begins to form on heating Ac3 temperature at which transformation of ferrite to austenite is completed on heating ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ACI Alloy Casting Institute AES Auger electron spectroscopy AGMA American Gear Manufacturers Asso- ciation AISI American Iron...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006807
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... temperatures. The article describes the stages of the creep curve, discusses processes involved in the extrapolation of creep data, and summarizes notable creep constitutive models and continuum damage mechanics models. It demonstrates the effects of stress relaxation and redistribution on the remaining life...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001711
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... + log   t f ) - 7.25 Equation 1 , together with creep rupture stress R m in 100,000 hours, lead to the determination of the specific curve creep stress-rupture strenght vs LMP for each steel. Thus, Table 1 shows the values of R m for the three steels considered, 10CrMo9-10...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0090466
EISBN: 978-1-62708-218-1
... the ductility of the molded hinge assemblies. No recommendations were made. Fourier transform infrared analysis Hinges Nylon Thermogravimetric analysis 13% glass-fiber reinforced nylon Brittle fracture A production lot of mechanical hinges had failed during incoming quality-control testing...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001811
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... is inhomogeneous in terms of chemical composition. Thus, during cooling cycle in the annealing treatment, stresses were developed because of nonhomogeneous transformation of the material. Fig. 2 Schematic after opening of the tube showing the positions at which the XRD analysis was performed Fig. 3...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006924
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
.... 9 Conversion-time curves at cure temperatures below the glass transition temperature for full cure ( T g∞ ), showing the transition from chemical control to diffusion control upon vitrification. T g∞ ~ 120 °C (250 °F). Source: Ref 23 B-Staging and the Time-Temperature-Transformation...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001214
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... the measured hardness values. The surface hardness is affected by retained austenite formation as had been determined already metallographically, and the core hardness at the flattened points is too high for a surface hardened piece that should have a core of some strain capacity. Fig. 5 Hardness curve...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003573
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... that transformation to 100% martensite was accomplished on all parts), the problem was solved. Example 4: Bending of an Aircraft-Wing Slat Track A curved member called a slat track ( Fig. 10 ), which supported the extendable portion of the leading edge of the wing on a military aircraft, failed by bending...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006797
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... to ensure more uniform quenching (so that transformation to 100% martensite was accomplished on all parts), the problem was solved. Example 4: Bending of an Aircraft-Wing Slat Track. A curved member called a slat track ( Fig. 10 ), which supported the extendable portion of the leading edge...