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thermal-barrier coated superalloys

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001829
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Abstract An investigation was conducted to better understand the time-dependent degradation of thermal barrier coated superalloy components in gas turbines. First-stage vanes are normally subjected to the highest gas velocities and temperatures during operation, and were thus the focus...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... coatings that improve performance of superalloy. diffusion gas turbines high-temperature coatings high-temperature corrosion interdiffusion oxidation superalloys WHEN CORROSION FAILURES OCCUR at high temperatures (300 to 1700 °C, or 570 to 3090 °F), the unscheduled outages result in loss...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003555
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... coatings, thermal barrier coatings, and ceramic coatings. aluminide coatings carburization ceramic coatings chloridation corrosion fatigue high temperature corrosion hot corrosion hydrogen interaction metal dusting molten metals molten salts overlay coatings oxidation protective coatings...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001827
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... temperatures in cooled hot parts, a ceramic thermal barrier coating (TBC) is applied. Hot Corrosion and Oxidation in High Temperature Environments Metals and alloys are known to experience accelerated oxidation when their surfaces are covered with a thin film of fused salt in an oxidizing gas atmosphere...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006824
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... the rotation of the blade. Because the rotational speed of the turbine is relatively easily controlled, creep failures from excessive turbine speed are rare. Metal temperatures can increase beyond the design point, either from excessive heat input (increased firing temperature, loss of thermal barrier coating...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001357
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
..., where X is an active element that promotes oxide scale adhesion Coating systems that work as thermal barriers (metal-ceramic compounds) In general, these coating layers can improve the hot corrosion behavior of blades, extending their lifetime by a factor of four. The testing techniques used...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006781
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... . The activation energy is the amount of energy that must be overcome for a chemical process to proceed. When taking into account a (more) complete energy balance, one may find that thermal energy and mechanical energy imparted to the system combine to overcome the barrier to activation. In that case...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001109
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... process. The basic cause of degradation was found to be hot corrosion caused by the deposition of alkali sulfates and chlorides. However this degradation may have been aggravated by thermal cycling and abrasion. The source of the salt was impurities in the flux. Two potential solutions were proposed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006780
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract The principal types of elevated-temperature mechanical failure are creep and stress rupture, stress relaxation, low- and high-cycle fatigue, thermal fatigue, tension overload, and combinations of these, as modified by environment. This article briefly reviews the applied aspects...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003546
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
...-boundary films of M 23 C 6 at elevated temperatures and that are protected by a tough coating. Examples would be René 80 and René 77, both of which have been used for blades in the past. Experimental Techniques Equipment The basic equipment required is a low thermal mass programmable furnace...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003568
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... for Thermal Barrier Coatings , Tribol. Trans. , Vol 41 , 1998 , p 399 – 410 44. Smeltzer C.E. , Gulden M.E. , and Compton W.A. , Mechanism of Metal Removal by Impacting Dust Particles , J. of Basic Eng. (Trans. ASME ), Vol 92 , Sept 1970 , p 639 – 654 10.1115/1.3425091...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006795
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... , Oct 1998 , p 110 – 120 41. Tilly G.P. , Sand Erosion of Metals and Plastics: A Brief Review , Wear , Vol 14 , 1969 , p 241 – 248 10.1016/0043-1648(69)90048-9 42. Bruce R.W. , Development of 1232 °C (2250 °F) Erosion and Impact Tests for Thermal Barrier Coatings...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006784
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
..., superalloys, and refractory metals to avoid the possibility of hydrogen charging associated with pickling. Plating solutions and plating conditions selected to produce a high-cathode efficiency minimize the amount of hydrogen generated on the metal surface. Because the metallic coatings plated on metal...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003552
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... or minimizes attack on the metal and the consequent generation of nascent hydrogen. Salt baths operated at approximately 210 °C (410 °F) can be used for descaling titanium alloys, superalloys, and refractory metals to avoid the possibility of hydrogen charging associated with pickling. Plating solutions...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003507
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., nitriding, carburizing, anodic hard coating Excessive case thickness, microcracks, embrittled material at stress raisers Machining Tool marks, grinding cracks Welding Weld-metal defects, hydrogen-induced cracking, inclusions, improper structure The primary purpose of this article...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003500
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... alignment Imbalance Inadequate bearing contact Inadequate testing Preparation for shipment Oil system not clean Inadequate drainage Protective coating not applied Wrong coating used Equipment not cleaned Protection Insufficient protection Corrosion by salt Corrosion by rain or humidity Poor packaging...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006753
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... plating on an A286 superalloy fastener subjected to service temperatures above 315 °C (600 °F) (the melting temperature of cadmium is 320 °C, or 610 °F). Two metals specified for use in a wear application could sustain galling if the metals are similar (atomic number) and mutually soluble, such as sliding...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001822
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... temperatures. The second type, referred to as a cold break, also results from overheating, but is a two-stage failure process. These fractures exhibit an outer circumferential zone of irregular detail with evidence of thermal checks and intergranular separation and an inner fracture zone typical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006828
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... that of base metal Excellent stress distribution and heat-transfer properties Ability to preserve protective metal coating or cladding Ability to join cast materials to wrought metals Ability to join nonmetals to metals Ability to join metal thicknesses that vary widely Ability to join...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003509
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... open to the surface. They usually extend across the entire face of the weld and sometimes propagate into the base metal. Transverse cracks in the HAZ (No. 3, Fig. 3 ) occur on the surface in or near the HAZ. They are the result of the high residual stresses induced by thermal cycling during...