Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
Search Results for
tear ridges
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 of 52 Search Results for
tear ridges
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
1
Sort by
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 28 Fatigue-fracture surface of broken commercially pure titanium bone plate with mixed fracture morphology. (a) Fracture surface shows fatigue striations, terraces, and tearing ridges, depending on the local crystallographic orientation. 250×. (b) Higher magnification view of the area
More
Image
in Failure Analysis of Boiler Water Wall-Tubes at a Power Generation Plant
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 8 Scanning electron micrograph of main crack surface (zone 1 in Fig. 3 ) showing patches of fatigue striations separated by shear steps or tear ridges.
More
Image
in Mode III Fatigue Crack Growth Following the Curvature of the Heat-Affected Zone of a Type 321 Stainless Steel Spot Weld
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 11 SEM micrographs of the center radial crack fracture surface at arrow H in Fig. 10 , showing tear ridges due to mode III crack propagation. (a) 1300×. (b) 5000×.
More
Image
in Failures of Structures and Components by Metal-Induced Embrittlement
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 4 SEM of brittle intergranular fracture surface, exhibiting smooth areas with tear ridges, produced by sub-critical crack growth for a high strength D6aC steel (tempered at 400 °C to 51HRC) in liquid mercury at 20 °C [ 5 ]
More
Image
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 56 Transgranular cleavage fracture showing hairline indications (fine tear ridges) at A, together with tongues at B, shallow dimples at C, and secondary cracks at D. Fracture shown was produced in a specimen of 4315 steel by stress-corrosion cracking in a 3.5% NaCl solution. Transmission
More
Image
Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 9 (a) Higher magnification of region B in Fig. 7 . Cleavage with some river patterns, tear ridges, and microvoid coalescence visible. Fracture is predominantly cleavage. One region of microvoid coalescence is circled (b) Higher magnification of region F in Fig. 7 .Fracture features
More
Image
in Failures of Structures and Components by Metal-Induced Embrittlement
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 32 SEM of fracture surface of notched, fatigue-pre-cracked nickel single crystal cracked first in liquid mercury and then (after completely evaporating the mercury) in hydrogen gas (101 kPa) at 20 °C showing essentially identical appearance (tear ridges, slip lines, and isolated dimples
More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001134
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... ( Fig. 1 ). All fracture surfaces appeared clean, gray, and normal to the axis. The fracture at the weldjoint appeared more fibrous ( Fig. 2 ) than the other fracture, which displayed tear ridges ( Fig. 3 ). Fig. 1 As-received chain link. 2×. Fig. 2 Fracture surface through weld joint...
Abstract
An ASTM A391 steel chain link of an over head hoist failed catastrophically, causing damage to both property and personnel. Macrofractography identified the sequence of fractures within the chain link. The first fracture occurred at the welded joint, a second occurred opposite the weld. SEM fractography and metallography indicated that the link failed in a ductile manner because of tensile overload, which occurred when the hoist hook contacted the hoist's housing and prevented uptake of the chain. It was recommended that a load-sensing device be installed to prevent future occurrences and that a dye penetrant inspection be performed on the renwinder of the chain.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001028
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... followed by ductile tearing produced during crack opening. (a) 41×. (b) Large dimple containing a TiCN inclusion. 1449×. Fig. 11 SEM micrographs of the center radial crack fracture surface at arrow H in Fig. 10 , showing tear ridges due to mode III crack propagation. (a) 1300×. (b) 5000...
Abstract
Several AISI type 321 stainless steel welded oil tank assemblies used on helicopter engine systems began to leak in service. One failure, a fracture on the aft side of a spot weld, was submitted for analysis. SEM fractography examination revealed fatigue failure. The failure initiated at an overload fracture near the root of the weld and was followed by mode III fatigue crack propagation (tearing) around the periphery of the weld. The initial overload fracture was caused by a high external load, which produced a concentrated stress and fracture at the weld root. The subsequent fatigue fracture was caused by engine vibrations during operation of the aircraft. Fracture characteristics indicated that the fatigue would not have occurred if the initial damage had not taken place.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001838
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
.... pipe hot cracking grain boundary segregation stainless steel tear ridges melt bridging microfractography induction heating frequency X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel) UNS S31635 Introduction Large austenitic stainless steel piping used for manifolds...
Abstract
Stainless steel pipe (273-mm OD x 8-mm wall thickness) used in the fabrication of large manifolds developed crack-like decohesions during a routine inductive bending procedure. The imperfections, which were found near the outside diameter, were around 3 mm in length oriented in the circumferential direction and penetrated nearly 2 mm into the pipe wall. The pipes were made of titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2. Six hypotheses were considered during the investigation, which ultimately concluded that the failure was caused by liquation cracking due to overheating.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001709
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... by thermal fatigue. In order to help in identification of the failure mechanism, mature crack surface has been examined using scanning electron microscope. The most noticeable feature of this crack surface is the existence of plateaus or patches of fatigue striations separated by tear ridges or shear...
Abstract
Several waterwall tubes in a power station boiler failed after ten years of service. The boiler is a suspension type equipped with 30 IK boxes where retractable soot blowers are inserted to clean the inside of the boiler using high-pressure steam. The tubes, which operate at 693 deg F (367 deg C) and 2935 psi (20.5 MPa), failed near the IK boxes as a result of thermal fatigue. Thermal fatigue damage was accelerated by repetitive exposure to water droplets from the soot blower and the associated rapid cooling.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001272
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... of pearlite and primary ferrite. Note coarse pearlite and divorced cementite. (b) Higher magnification of Fig. 8 . Fig. 9 (a) Higher magnification of region B in Fig. 7 . Cleavage with some river patterns, tear ridges, and microvoid coalescence visible. Fracture is predominantly cleavage. One...
Abstract
A 22 m (72 ft) diameter filled grain storage bin made from a 0.2% carbon steel collapsed at a temperature of −1 to 4 deg C (30 to 40 deg F). Failure analysis indicated that fracture occurred in a two-step process: first downward, by ductile failure of small ligament from a bolt hole near the bottom of the tank to create a crack 25 mm (1 in.) long, and then upward, by brittle fracture through successive 1.2 m (4ft) wide sheets of ASTM A446 material. Site investigation showed that the concrete base pad was not level. Chemical analysis indicated that the material had a high nitrogen content (0.020%). The allowable stress based on yield was estimated using four different design criteria. Correlation among those results was poor. The different criteria indicated that the material was loaded from the maximum allowable to approximately 30% less than allowable. Nevertheless, at this stress level, fracture mechanics indicated that the 25 mm (1 in.) starter crack exceeded or was very near the critical crack length for the material. Additional factors not taken into account in the design equations included cold work from a hole punching operation, thread imprinting in bolt holes, and an additional hoop stress created by forcing an incorrectly formed panel to fit the pad base radius. These factors increased the nominal design stress to a sufficiently large value to cause the critical crack length to be exceeded.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001370
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
.... However, the striations, tire tracks, or plateaus separated by tear ridges, which would indicate corrosion fatigue, could not be seen because of the corrosion of the fracture surface. Evidence at the periphery of the fracture surface, such as ratchet marks, corrugated periphery, and, more importantly...
Abstract
A service water pump in a nuclear reactor failed when its shaft gave way. The fracture originated in the threaded portion of the sleeve nut on the drive-end side of the shaft. Results of the failure analysis showed that the cracking initiated at the thread root as a result of corrosion fatigue. Crack propagation occurred either by corrosion or mechanical fatigue. Evidence was found indicating high rotary bending stresses on the shaft during operation. The nonstandard composition of the En 8 steel used in the shaft and irregular maintenance reduced the life of the shaft. Recommendations included use of a case-hardened En 8 steel with the correct composition and regular maintenance of the pump.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001084
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... , indicated by the arrow labeled Y The fracture appears to emanate locally from this defect, as evidenced by the directionality of tear ridges in Fig. 3(a) and (b) as well as by the indication of subtle beach marks ( Fig. 3 b, arrows). Fig. 3(c) shows evidence of fine fatigue striations that were...
Abstract
Failure analysis was performed on a fractured impeller from a boiler feed pump of a fossil fuel power plant. The impeller was a 12% Cr martensitic stainless steel casting. The failure occurred near the outside diameter of the shroud in the vicinity of a section change at the shroud/vane junction. Sections cut from the impeller were examined visually and by SEM fractography. Microstructural, chemical, and surface analyses and surface hardness tests were conducted on the impeller segments. The results indicated that the impeller failed in fatigue with casting defects increasing stress and initiating fracture. In addition, the composition and hardness of the impeller did not meet specifications. Revision of the casting process and institution of quality assurance methods were recommended.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001275
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... and large voids ( Fig. 3 ) which extended from the inside surface of the pipe across approximately one third of its thickness. There was a gradual transition into a second region (zone B) of shorter fibrils and smaller voids with pronounced ridges of long tears interspersed among them ( Fig. 4 ). The ridges...
Abstract
A high-density polyethylene (HDPE) natural gas distribution pipe (Grade PE 3306) failed by slow, stable crack growth while in residential service. The leak occurred at a location where a squeeze clamp had been used to close the pipe during maintenance. Failure analysis showed that the origin of the failure was a small surface crack in the inner pipe wall produced by the clamping. Fracture mechanics calculations confirmed that the suspected failure process would result in a failure time close to the actual time to failure. It was recommended that: materials be screened for susceptibility to the formation of the inner wall cracks since it was not found to occur in pipe typical of that currently being placed in service; pipes be re-rounded after clamp removal to minimize residual stresses which caused failure; and a metal reinforcing collar be placed around the squeeze location after clamp removal.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001812
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
..., fracture surfaces appear flat and largely featureless except for isolated tear ridges in some cases ( Fig. 4 ) and there are no obvious signs of slip around crack tips, consistent with an adsorption-induced decohesion process. However, dimples can be so small and shallow that they are not resolved...
Abstract
Several cases of embrittlement failure are analyzed, including liquid-metal embrittlement (LME) of an aluminum alloy pipe in a natural gas plant, solid metal-induced embrittlement (SMIE) of a brass valve in an aircraft engine oil cooler, LME of a cadmium-plated steel screw from a crashed helicopter, and LME of a steel gear by a copper alloy from an overheated bearing. The case histories illustrate how LME and SMIE failures can be diagnosed and distinguished from other failure modes, and shed light on the underlying causes of failure and how they might be prevented. The application of LME as a failure analysis tool is also discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003538
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., there is evidence of plastic deformation and failure by microvoid coalescence (MVC) ductile tearing. However, exceptions to this fracture progression mode have been reported. One is formation of a specimen-scale shear band (sometimes associated with void sheet formation at the microscale). One set of circumstances...
Abstract
This article provides a description of the microscale models and mechanisms for deformation and fracture. Macroscale and microscale appearances of ductile and brittle fracture are discussed for various specimen geometries and loading conditions. The article reviews the general geometric factors and materials aspects that influence the stress-strain behavior and fracture of ductile metals. It highlights fractures arising from manufacturing imperfections and stress raisers. The article presents a root cause failure analysis case history to illustrate some of the fractography concepts.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006775
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
..., there is evidence of plastic deformation and failure by microvoid coalescence (MVC) ductile tearing. However, exceptions to this fracture progression mode have been reported. One is formation of a specimen-scale shear band (sometimes associated with void sheet formation at the microscale). One set of circumstances...
Abstract
This article focuses on characterizing the fracture-surface appearance at the microscale and contains some discussion on both crack nucleation and propagation mechanisms that cause the fracture appearance. It begins with a discussion on microscale models and mechanisms for deformation and fracture. Next, the mechanisms of void nucleation and void coalescence are briefly described. Macroscale and microscale appearances of ductile and brittle fracture are then discussed for various specimen geometries (smooth cylindrical and prismatic) and loading conditions (e.g., tension compression, bending, torsion). Finally, the factors influencing the appearance of a fracture surface and various imperfections or stress raisers are described, followed by a root-cause failure analysis case history to illustrate some of these fractography concepts.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001762
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... of this area. Fig. 22 A point type origin can be seen in this fracture. A ridge between the case and core fractures is accentuated by a shadow line Fig. 23 A single point origin is marked by the arrows Extensive secondary cracking was observed on the rough turned OD surface at the crack...
Abstract
Rollover accidents in light trucks and cars involving an axle failure frequently raise the question of whether the axle broke causing the rollover or did the axle break as a result of the rollover. Axles in these vehicles are induction hardened medium carbon steel. Bearings ride directly on the axles. This article provides a fractography/fracture mechanic approach to making the determination of when the axle failed. Full scale tests on axle assemblies and suspensions provided data for fracture toughness in the induction hardened outer case on the axle. These tests also demonstrated that roller bearing indentions on the axle journal, cross pin indentation on the end of the axle, and axle bending can be accounted for by spring energy release following axle failure. Pre-existing cracks in the induction hardened axle are small and are often difficult to see without a microscope. The pre-existing crack morphology was intergranular fracture in the axles studied. An estimate of the force required to cause the axle fracture can be made using the measured crack size, fracture toughness determined from these tests, and linear elastic fracture mechanics. The axle can be reliably said to have failed prior to rollover if the estimated force for failure is equal to or less than forces imposed on the axle during events leading to the rollover.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c9001471
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... is depicted in Figure 2 ; both showed a bright crystalline appearance together with a system of ridges, which commonly radiate from the point of origin, and examination revealed that the starting point of the fracture was a small preexisting crack located at the right of the illustration. Fig. 2...
Abstract
A crane hook was stamped S.W.L. 3 tons and, while its main dimensions were in approximate accordance with those specified in B.S. 482 for a hook of this capacity, its shape in some respects was not exactly in conformity with that recommended. At the time of fracture, the load being lifted was slightly under 10 cwts. Fracture occurred away from the normal wearing surface where the hook makes contact with the lifting slings. There was no evidence that fracture was preceded by any appreciable deformation locally or in the region of the failure. A sulphur print, taken on a cross section of the hook adjacent to the plane of fracture, showed the hook was made from a killed steel free from major segregation. Microscopic examination showed the material to be a mild steel in the normalized condition, the carbon content being of the order of 0.25%. Bend tests showed the material at the intrados of the hook would deform in a ductile manner both under slow and impact-loading conditions if in the form of an unnotched test piece, but if notched, it failed in a brittle manner under impact, though not under slow loading.
1