Fig. 27 Near-surface cracking present on a heavily abraded mining component. Continued abrasion after intergranular crack formation has deflected the perpendicular cracks. Unetched. 30× More

Fig. 25 Seat insert seating face showing surface cracking and subsequent material spalling More

Fig. 35 Seat insert seating face showing surface cracking and subsequent material spalling More

Fig. 23 Near-surface cracking present on a heavily abraded mining component. Continued abrasion after intergranular crack formation has deflected the perpendicular cracks. Unetched. Original magnification: 30× More

Fig. 24 Extensive surface cracking was observed at the crack origin More

Fig. 4 Optical micrographs showing ingress of surface cracks in the transverse section of the failed bearing sample. (a) Contour of surface crack, 100×; (b) Crack contour with angular alumina inclusions, 500×; (c) Crack region with alumina particles, 1000× More

Fig. 6 Surface cracks in loop. 10 × More

Fig. 14 Micrograph showing foreign material and secondary surface crack at region 3 in Fig. 11 . Etched with nital. 100×. See also Fig. 12 and 13 . More

Fig. 74 Deep surface cracks that developed during a bending operation of a low-carbon steel. Courtesy of Worthington Industries Inc. More

Fig. 42 Fully pearlitic steel fatigue fracture surfaces. Crack growth direction is from left to right in both images. (a) Intermediate crack growth rate (∼0.1 ∼m/cycle), and (b) low crack growth rate (∼0.001 ∼m/cycle). No fatigue striations were resolved by SEM at any crack growth rate More

Fig. 3 Hardened structure associated with surface cracks. (×100). More

Fig. 74 Deep surface cracks that developed during a bending operation of a low-carbon steel. Courtesy of Worthington Industries Inc. More

Fig. 42 Fully pearlitic steel fatigue fracture surfaces. Crack growth direction is from left to right in both images. (a) Intermediate crack growth rate (~0.1 μm/cycle). (b) Low crack growth rate (~0.001 μm/cycle). No fatigue striations were resolved by scanning electron microscopy at any More

Fig. 111 Microstructure of chain with intergranular surface crack. Nital etch. Original magnification: 1000× More

Fig. 112 Scanning electron microscope image of surface crack indicating intergranular fracture. Original magnification: 350× More

Fig. 5 Cross section of failed edge, showing penetration of surface cracks and scale buildup. 42.2×. More

Fig. 2 Brittle transgranular fracture surface crack produced by inservice failure. More

Fig. 15 Surface cracks on bent section of Rod “A”; black arrows indicate longitudinal direction; red arrow indicates an incipient crack More

Fig. 3 Surface cracks on the thread of the screw: without metallo-graphic etching More

Fig. 4 Closer view of Fig. 3 . Gaping surface crack. Typical dimensions of this decohesion of material were 3 mm in circumferential direction and 2.5 mm crack depth More