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stereomicroscopy

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0046015
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
.... The fracture surfaces were examined visually and by optical (light) stereomicroscopy. Material testing showed a sample to be within the specified material limits for aluminum alloy 6061. Microscopic examination showed no significant differences in microstructure or grain size among the four T-sections...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... analysis, mechanical property testing, stereomicroscopy, and metallographic examination. The fire sleeves are fabricated from 3-mm thick plate made of Incoloy 800 rolled into 540-mm diam sections welded along the seam. Three such sections are joined together by circumferential welds to form a single 2.8 m...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c9001524
EISBN: 978-1-62708-221-1
... the lifetime of the crane, several repairs had been made to the boom. At least a year before the failure, a reinforcing gusset plate had been bolted and welded to this chord at this location. Stereomicroscopy revealed microcracks in the weld metal. A fatigue crack 45 mm (1.8 in.) long was observed to emanate...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0089256
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... area contained ductile dimple rupture, which changed to cleavage fracture beyond this area. It was determined through stereomicroscopy, fractography, and metallography that the oxidized portion of the fracture was the preexisting forging lap and that both bright fracture areas were created...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003527
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... taken. Microscopic Photography Optical Stereomicroscopy Optical stereomicroscopy is routinely used in failure analysis photography to examine and characterize fracture surface features. Images observed in the stereomicroscope must be recorded for documentation of the features present...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001304
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... for failure analysis. Multiple specimens were then obtained from representative transverse sections of the failed subassemblies, resin mounted, and prepared for macroscopic and microscopic examination and stereomicroscopy and light microscopy. The metallographic specimens were etched using equal volumes...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001113
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... and were labeled A and B. Observation by visual means and by stereomicroscopy helped determine how specimens would be chosen. Numerous cuts were made to isolate the fracture surface for examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Micromounts were also made for microstructural studies...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006763
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Optical stereomicroscopy is used in failure analysis to examine and characterize fracture surface features and especially fracture origins. The advantage of the optical stereomicroscope is the use of dual light paths that result in stereomicroscopic viewing, which aids in fracture feature identification...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001041
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... particle inspection using an AC yoke and dry powder. No cracking, other than that already visually apparent, was detected. Surface Examination Visual All of the cracks on both the laboratory tested and prototype cross members were opened and examined both visually and by using stereomicroscopy...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001679
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... to expose the diffuser tube region. The diffuser tubes were sectioned along their length adjacent to cracks. Once the pieces were of the workable size, stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the cracks in the necked region of the venturi. In addition, metallography...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... should follow. Photographic documentation during stereomicroscopy should also be performed. Nondestructive test methods should now be considered. The key to performing nondestructive testing is to avoid any disturbance of scale product until corrosion samples have been removed. Radiography to document...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006851
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Fig. 22 Magnetic particle inspection of Exemplar crankshaft fracture with ultraviolet (blacklight) illumination Microscopic Photography Optical stereomicroscopy, with magnifications typically from 3× to 75×, is possibly the most important tool in failure analysis since it permits detailed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006760
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... is often easily visible with stereomicroscopy. At this point, the appearance of the component and any indications of damage or clues as to how the damage occurred or progressed are documented. The most promising component sections that may inform the investigation are selected for further evaluation. All...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006942
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... magnification. In this case, stereomicroscopy is often used to magnify the area of interest, usually up to ~100x magnification. The stereomicroscope will allow the analyst to further identify surface features related to the cause of fracture. In the event that the magnifications achieved using...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006782
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... with a hydrophobic polymer such as polyethylene. Visual examination and stereomicroscopy of the braid layers of the failed hose revealed that the outer region of the outer braid appeared nondescript, with a stainless-steel-type appearance, while the inner region of the outer braid and the inner braid were...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006772
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... of the types of nondestructive examinations that may be performed on the evidence include: Visual examination Physical measurements Microscopic examination Light/stereomicroscopy Scanning electron microscopy Energy-dispersive spectroscopy Electrical measurements Radiography...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006933
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... cracking, and fatigue. The determination of the fracture failure mode involves identifying the crack-initiation mechanism and the propagation mode. This is usually ascertained using visual-based techniques such as stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the preparation of mounted cross sections...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003500
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... through stereomicroscopy, fractography, and metallography that the oxidized portion of the fracture was the preexisting forging lap and that both bright fracture areas were created in the laboratory during the breaking-open process. A cross-sectional view of the broken-open lap is shown in Fig. 19...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003525
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... it subsequently extended. This is usually ascertained using a number of visual-based techniques, such as stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the preparation of mounted cross sections. Noncatastrophic failure modes are also relevant, and these include discoloration, distortion...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006753
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2