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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001839
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... sources of hydrogen are considered as are remedial measures for controlling hydrogen content in steels. steel coils delayed hydrogen cracking austenitic stainless steel grain facets stepwise microcracking inert gas fusion analysis stacking fault energy 0.1%C-14.7%Cr-9.3%Mo-0.2%Si (low nickel...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003560
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., dislocations easily cross slip. The rate of cross slip for a given alloy or element is usually indicated by its stacking-fault energy. Dislocation cross slip is hindered by the presence of stacking faults, and a high stacking-fault energy indicates a low number of impeding stacking faults and an increased...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006790
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... during plastic deformation is the ease with which dislocations cross slip over more than one plane. In face-centered cubic materials, such as austenitic stainless steels, dislocations easily cross slip. The rate of cross slip for a given alloy or element is usually indicated by its stacking-fault energy...
Book Chapter

By Russell A. Lund, Shahram Sheybany
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003539
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Crystallographic Fatigue Fatigue fracture of metals with low stacking fault energy, which favors planar slip, can occur over extended areas along crystallographic planes, producing a faceted appearance. For example, a cobalt-base alloy used in medical implants exhibits crystallographic fracture in laboratory...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001337
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... that formed in the steel from the original manufacturing of the tube) in the steel ( Ref 2 , 3 ). Thus, the term “slip-plane graphitization” has been coined. Nucleation then proceeds at sites of higher dislocation densities and/or stacking faults in a preferential manner. In conjunction with the slip-band...
Book Chapter

By Ronald J. Parrington
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006776
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... and Mechanisms of Deformation and Fracture” in this Volume for more details. Crystallographic Fatigue Fatigue fracture of metals with low stacking fault energy, which favors planar slip, can occur over extended areas along crystallographic planes, producing a faceted appearance. For example, a cobalt-base...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006827
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... essential for the formation of a metallurgical bond between the solder and the workpiece, good wetting helps the solder material fill joint gaps (or plated through-holes in the context of a PCB). Wetting depends on several factors, including but not limited to the surface tension/surface energy of joint...
Book Chapter

By Bojan Podgornik
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006791
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... FRICTION AND WEAR are important when considering the operation and efficiency of components and mechanical systems. The friction between contact surfaces in motion results in wasted energy and generated heat, whereas any type of wear can lead to a degradation in surface quality, unexpected clearances...
Book Chapter

By Siegfried Fouvry
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006829
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Energy Solutions Flexible couplings and splines, particularly where they form a connection between two shafts and are designed to accommodate some slight misalignment, can suffer severe fretting wear problems. Examples of such cases are described in Ref 8 . Jointed structures are another...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.design.c9001578
EISBN: 978-1-62708-233-4
... too high. To correct this problem, a flywheel was added to level the torque peaks by absorbing energy during one half of the cycle and return in energy to the system during the other half cycle. The alternating torque values were reduced by a factor of three with the addition of the flywheel...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003562
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... amplitude between partial and total slip ( Ref 47 ). The materials were copper, copper silicon, and austenitic stainless steel, all materials of low stacking fault energy; as a consequence, work hardening occurred at low frequencies, but softening set in at high frequencies because of the temperature rise...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006774
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... fracture. The presence of brittle fracture is a concern, because catastrophic brittle fracture occurs due to the elastic stress that is present and usually propagates at high speed, sometimes with little associated absorbed energy. Fracture occurring in a brittle manner cannot be anticipated by the onset...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003537
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... understanding. It is the self-consistent data gathered over a range of magnifications that provides understanding. Additional tools and techniques also have become available, including energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS or WDS), the Auger microscope, the variable-pressure SEM, the atomic-force...
Book Chapter

By A. Hudgins, C. Roepke, B. James, B. Kondori, B. Whitley
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006822
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
.... In engineering terms, failure generally means that a structure or component has ceased to perform its intended function. Saying that a part has “failed” does not provide an indication of fault. Likewise, in common use, the terms defect , flaw , and imperfection are often used interchangeably to describe...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003509
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.9781627083294
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006831
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... malleablizing heat treatment, resulting in a grain-boundary network of graphite. Such networks impart low ductility and low toughness to castings and constitute paths of weakness because of the brittleness of the carbides. The presence of such networks is indicated by low impact energy in a Charpy V-notch test...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006834
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... industrial environments. At the research and development level and in application engineering, a large emphasis is placed on energy consumption and its impact in terms of greenhouse emissions. Most of the preceding steel families unfortunately lose their surface hardness with long-term exposure at medium...