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Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 10 Precracked charpy impact test results for four slabs from 57 mm (2 1 4 in.) thick A517 grade H steel (heat A4070). Note that the inflection point occurred at approximate 4°C (40°F) for all four plates. In A517 grade F (plate D), the inflection point was below −60°C (−80°F More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0091384
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... Abstract A 25.4 cm (10 in.) diam gray cast iron water main pipe was buried in the soil beneath a concrete slab. The installation was believed to have been completed in the early 20th century. A leak from the pipe resulted in flooding of a warehouse. Once removed, the pipe revealed through-wall...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c9001549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... of a reinforced concrete building (48 story) nearing completion. At the time of the accident the crane was being used to lift facing slabs into position from ground level. The weight of the slabs was well within the lifting capacity of the crane. However, eyewitnesses agreed that shortly after a facing slab had...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001111
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Charpy V-notch impact toughness at −20°C (0°F) A517 grade H, heat Plate thickness Lateral expansion Slab mm in. J ft.lbf mm mils A4071 AA 57 2.25 9.5 7 0.10 4 CF 57 2.25 12 9 0.20 8 CG 57 2.25 11 8 0.10 4 AL 57 2.25 13.5 10 0.18 7 A5491 H 50 2...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001376
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... ( 3 4 in.) from the fracture surface on one of the halves. The removed section was then cut parallel to the fracture and approximately 3.2 mm ( 1 8 in.) below the fracture surface to produce a slab approximately 19 mm ( 3 4 in.) wide, 9.5 mm ( 3 8 in.) thick...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0047879
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... misaligned 1.3 mm (0.05 in.) in the vertical direction with the shaft. This misalignment was done to counter the misalignment caused by bow of the concrete slab base, which occurred when the reactor was loaded. Cracks in the heat-affected zone or cracks in the martensite transition zone at the fusion...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001836
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... the continuous casting ( Fig. 6 ) stage from the water-cooled copper mold is ruled out in the present investigation. If copper was entrapped in the steel during continuous casting, then cracks would have formed at the slab narrow or broad face which would further create a crack in the plate. However, no cracks...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001839
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... which are to be fabricated into heavy sections. Also, the tendency for the formation of hydrogen-induced defects is greater with alloy steels than with carbon steels [ 12 ]. During rapid cooling of heavy-sectioned steel casting, e.g., a thick slab or a bloom, there is little diffusion of hydrogen out...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.marine.c9001591
EISBN: 978-1-62708-227-3
... were performed, the steel was continuously cast to produce a solid slab, which was cut to the desired lengths. During the casting, care was taken to shield the molten steel from contact with the atmosphere. A tundish located directly above the continuous casting mold trapped inclusions and slag...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001702
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... the other half of the beam was numbered 54 through 94. Grid locations 48 through 53 were cut out as three 0.3 m (1 ft) thick slabs to be used in a study of cathodic protection and chloride migration. The cuts shown in Figure 2 are the locations where cross beams tying one beam to the other were removed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006912
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... prototype Fig. 8 Parts that were computer numerical control machined from slab stock based on modified computer-aided design files Fig. 9 Part with numerous ribs with the recommended radius of 0.75 mm (0.03 in.) R and shut-offs where a radius cannot be included Fig. 10 Four...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001816
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... rates (10 −3 –10 −5 s −1 ), and grain boundaries of the material that allow grain sliding and rotation when stress is applied [ 5 ]. roughing (in order to reduce the thickness of the slab), delay time (where the material is cooled between 1000 and 850 °C) to obtain Ti and Nb carbides...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001347
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... is supported by two trucks, one on either end. The support load between the tank and the railroad support trucks is distributed by tank slabbing and saddle plates under each vessel elliptical head and first tank plate ring. The size or mass distribution of fragments consisted of eight to ten large...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001821
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... weld toe ( Fig. 25 ). In all but one highway bridge, these cracks have been confined to the negative-moment region where the top flange is in tension. The slab has provided greater fixity to the top flange, and the adjacent web has experienced more deformation and has cracked first. Fig. 24...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006833
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
...), or safety standards (replacing steel railing with concrete). As an example, work done in 1998 on the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, discussed later in this article, involved replacing the median barrier, upgrading outside concrete traffic railings, improving drainage, repairing the concrete slab...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003507
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... the Ingot Many flaws in wrought products can be traced back to the pouring and solidification of hot metal in molds during production of ingot. Except for forged powder metal components, the starting material in bulk working is a slab, ingot, billet, and so forth produced by casting into stationary...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006806
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
.... Starting materials can be in the form of flat slabs or tubes. Sometimes, porous bronze impregnated with lubricant is used as bearing material. In the recent past, the demand for high-performance but sacrificial bearings has increased. The bearing material is selected based on the material of the part...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006835
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... in unacceptable forgings. The development of scale during preheating of ingots, slabs, or blooms is almost inevitable due to the required long heating times. Sometimes, descaling operations involving water sprays or preliminary light passes in rolling operations are not totally successful, and scale may get...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003551
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... corrosion apply. The condensed liquid fills the pores and debonds the ceramic material, creating thermal-expansion mismatches, weakening, softening, swelling, and slabbing. Sulfur dioxide, usually from combustion or smelting operations, provides good examples of the condensation-corrosion patterns...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006935
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... of a log, lump, or slab rather than sheet. Physical properties are similar to those obtained with SMC. Mat molding is an early, lower-cost prepreg version based on chopped-glass mat. Variations of mat molding employ polyester, epoxy, or vinyl ester resins and loose chopped glass to provide easier glass...