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silicate and oxide inclusions

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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.steel.c9001645
EISBN: 978-1-62708-232-7
... that the brittle oxides that formed stringers were alumina, and the other macroinclusions were complex silicates. Both the alumina and silicate inclusions were deleterious to contact-fatigue properties. Microstructurally, the carburized regions of the broken roller and of inner-race samples contained high-carbon...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c9001489
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... of the chemical composition obtained from (c) an inclusion and (d) the matrix. IV. Chemical Analysis of Inclusions The results of EDS in an STEM and gas chromatography quite conclusively showed that the inclusions were oxides, silicates, or aluminates. The information collected from the EDS analysis...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.rail.c9001607
EISBN: 978-1-62708-231-0
... near the surface of individual wire strands in the rope. The inclusions were identified as Al-Ca-Ti silicates in a large number of stringers, and some oxide and nitride inclusions were also found. The wire used in the rope did not conform to the composition specified for AISI 316 grade steel, nor did...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c0047118
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... primarily of aluminum oxide or silicates rich in aluminum oxide. Inclusions of this type could not be found in the interior of the cross section; only oxide and sulfide inclusions of normal size were found in the interior. Conclusions The inclusions consisted of pieces of fireclay from channel brick...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.mech.c0047315
EISBN: 978-1-62708-225-9
... sulfides, oxides, phosphides, and silicates. A large inclusion, believed to be manganese sulfide, was found along a prior-austenite grain boundary located on the surface of crack 2 at an inside corner. Sizable areas of iron sulfide were identified in the surface of crack 4. No evidence of ductility...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.marine.c9001591
EISBN: 978-1-62708-227-3
... at 500times;, for the transverse plane. The dark gray inclusions are silicates, whereas the light gray inclusions are sulfides. The elongated and rounded particles of a large silicate and several sulfides are shown in Fig. 5 . The composition of the sulfide particles determines its plasticity. Manganese...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001120
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... A, plate III. The microcleanliness ratings were as follows: Type A inclusions (sulfides) None detected Type B inclusions (alumina) None detected Type C inclusions (silicates) None detected Type D inclusions (globular oxides) Fields: 1 heavy: 1 1 2 thin Figure 3...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001615
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... showing the lateral crack The first stage forgings and undeformed shank/raw bar stock were cleaned properly and prepared for macrostructure examination. The macrostructure of the first stage forging contained numerous oxide (globular) and sulfide (elongated) inclusions in the central portion ( Fig...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001206
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... precipitates in the ferritic zones around the cracks ( Fig. 7 ) are vitreous silicates, based on their behavior in polarized light. This form of selective oxidation is favored by the scarcity of oxygen in narrow cracks. In the extensions of the cracks, ferritic bands are often recognizable (see Fig. 5...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... oxidation, carburization, metal dusting, nitridation, carbonitridation, sulfidation, and chloridation. Several other potential degradation processes, namely hot corrosion, hydrogen interactions, molten salts, aging, molten sand, erosion-corrosion, and environmental cracking, are discussed under boiler tube...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001323
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... aggravated by the presence of silicon and sulfur (silicates and sulfates). It was recommended that the tubes be replaced with Inconel 600 or 601, as a practical option until the carryover problem could be solved. Alkalies, environment Boiler tubes Environmental effects Inconel 600, 601 Sodium...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001819
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... of the longitudinal section of the austenitic stainless steel pump axis. Many nonmetallic inclusion particles (sulfide, oxide, and silicate particles) can be seen. The microstructure of the same material can be observed in Fig. 6 (transverse section) and Fig. 7 (longitudinal section): austenitic twinned grains...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006835
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... (such as pickling and electroplating) and would not be helpful in removing hydrogen introduced during steelmaking. Excessive gas contents in ingots are most serious when oxide inclusions are present. Inclusions provide sites for the agglomeration of gas; thus, molten alloys are often treated to reduce...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003507
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... defect that also appears as a linear discontinuity. They occur from a crack, a heavy cluster of nonmetallic inclusions, or a deep lap (a lap that intersects the surface at a large angle). A seam can also result from a defect in the ingot surface, such as a hole, that becomes oxidized and is prevented...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003508
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
...; generally spherical and often coated with oxide Cold shot G 113 Spherical metallic inclusions inside blowholes or other cavities or in surface depressions (see A 311). Composition approximates that of the alloy cast but nearer to that of a eutectic Internal sweating, phosphide sweat G 120...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001835
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... fracture stress concentration metallographic analysis silicate and oxide inclusions stress analysis low-temperature fracture toughness Fe-0.34C-0.7Mn-0.34Cr (chromium alloy steel) Introduction Wind power generation has rapidly spread in recent years as one of the clean energy resources...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001601
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... remelted. The inclusion ratings of this grade of steel, based on ASTM E 45, are as follows: Sulfides Alumina Silicates Globular oxides Thin Thick Thin Thick Thin Thick Thin Thick 1.5 0.5 2.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.5 • The dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen in the steel...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003509
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... include: Underbead cracks Gas porosity Inclusions—slag, oxides, or tungsten metal Incomplete fusion Inadequate penetration Solidification cracks, liquation cracks Failure to meet strength, ductility, or toughness requirements is another cause for rejection of weldments. Details...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006831
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... G 112 (a) Metallic inclusions of the same chemical composition as the base metal; generally spherical and often coated with oxide Cold shot G 113 Spherical metallic inclusions inside blowholes or other cavities or in surface depressions. Internal sweating, phosphide sweat...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006826
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... and sulfur treatments for sulfide, alumina, and silicate inclusions ( Ref 19 ). Hard inclusions in the workpiece material can abrade the cutting tool material ( Ref 20 ). Inclusions, porosity, and oxide films in powder metallurgy steels can reduce their machinability, but closing the pores, increased...