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ratchet marks
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in Failure Analysis of Welded Structures
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 19 Ratchet marks, including marks that extend from the root and only part way through the weld throat, indicate that multiple failure points were involved, with cracking starting in the weld root.
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in Fatigue Failure of a Steering Spindle on a Tricycle Agricultural Field Chemical Applicator
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 1992
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 2 Close-up view of ratchet marks between distinct surface origin sites in a low-alloy steel 18.4 cm (7.25 in.) shaft that failed in rotating bending fatigue. Ratchet marks (at arrows) are roughly radial steps formed where fatigue cracks initially propagating on different planes
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 41 Ratchet marks. (a) Schematic of two cracks that initiate in close proximity to each other. The two cracks then coalesce after some growth. (b) A ratchet mark on a cylindrical section of a 1042 steel loaded in rotating bending. Radial marks indicate the two initiation sites. Source 41(b
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Published: 01 December 1993
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in Failure Analysis of Gears and Reducers
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 36 The surface of this tooth shows distinctive ratchet marks that point in different directions, indicating that cracking started at the neutral point (arrow), and this is where a metallurgical examination should begin.
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in Failure Analysis of Gears and Reducers
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 38 Fatigue crack showing multiple origins and ratchet marks that originated in dedendum macropitting. There is also a small very small fatigue zone on the other side.
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in Failure Analysis of Cylinder Clamping Rods in Diesel Engines
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Design Flaws
Published: 01 June 2019
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in Breakage of Main Undercarriage Axle of Landing Gear System of an Aircraft Under Simulated Testing
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Air and Spacecraft
Published: 01 June 2019
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 42 Ratchet marks. (a) Schematic of two cracks that initiate in close proximity to each other. The two cracks then coalesce after some growth. (b) Ratchet mark on a cylindrical section of a 1042 steel loaded in rotating bending. Radial marks indicate the two initiation sites. Source (b
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 2 Close-up view of ratchet marks between distinct surface origin sites in an 18.4 cm (7.25 in.) low-alloy steel shaft that failed in rotating-bending fatigue. Ratchet marks (at arrows) are roughly radial steps formed where fatigue cracks initially propagating on different planes
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 25 Examples of the formation of ratchet marks (RM) on fatigue fractures. (a) Screw shaft with rough surface finish. (b) Notch section of a fixing pin
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in Cause and Prevention of Fatigue Failures in Boiler Tubing
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Power Generating Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
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Published: 01 December 2019
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in Failure Analysis of High-Speed Pinion Gear Shaft
> Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2019
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001350
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... examination showed ratchet marks at the edges of the fracture surface, indicating that loading was of the rotating bending type. Electron fractography using the two-stage replica method revealed striation marks characteristic of fatigue fracture. The striations indicated that the cracks had advanced on many...
Abstract
Upon arrival at the erection site, an AISI type 316L stainless steel tank intended for storage of fast breeder test reactor coolant (liquid sodium) exhibited cracks on its shell at two of four shell/nozzle fillet-welded joint regions. The tank had been transported from the manufacturer to the erection site by road, a distance of about 800 km (500 mi). During transport, the nozzles were kept at an angle of 45 deg to the vertical because of low clearance heights in road tunnels. The two damaged joints were unsupported at their ends inside the vessel, unlike the two uncracked nozzles. Surface examination showed ratchet marks at the edges of the fracture surface, indicating that loading was of the rotating bending type. Electron fractography using the two-stage replica method revealed striation marks characteristic of fatigue fracture. The striations indicated that the cracks had advanced on many “mini-fronts,” also indicative of nonuniform loading such as rotating bending. It was recommended that a support be added at the inside end of the nozzles to rigidly connect with the shell. In addition to avoiding transport problems, this design modification would reduce fatigue loading that occurs in service due to vibration of the nozzles during filling and draining of the tank.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001792
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... to the propeller, is made of low alloy steel. The other shaft, part of a clutch mechanism that regulates the transmission of power from the engine to the gears, is made of carbon steel. Fracture surface examination of the gear shaft revealed circumferential ratchet marks with the presence of inward progressive...
Abstract
Two shafts that transmit power from the engine to the propeller of a container ship failed after a short time in service. The shafts usually have a 25 year lifetime, but the two in question failed after only a few years. One of the shafts, which carries power from a gearbox to the propeller, is made of low alloy steel. The other shaft, part of a clutch mechanism that regulates the transmission of power from the engine to the gears, is made of carbon steel. Fracture surface examination of the gear shaft revealed circumferential ratchet marks with the presence of inward progressive beach marks, suggesting rotary-bending fatigue. The fracture surfaces on the clutch shaft exhibited a star-shaped pattern, suggesting that the failure was due to torsional overload which may have initiated at corrosion pits discovered during the examination. Based on the observations, it was concluded that rotational bending stresses caused the gear shaft to fail due to insufficient fatigue strength. This led to the torsional failure of the corroded clutch shaft, which was subjected to a sudden, high level load when the shaft connecting the gearbox to the propeller failed.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.process.c9001640
EISBN: 978-1-62708-235-8
... eye. New castings with reduced porosity also failed the durability tests. The fatigue fracture surfaces of additional casting fragments were very rough and contained multiple ratchet marks along the inner fillet. These observations indicated the fatigue process was heavily influenced by the presence...
Abstract
A new supplier for aluminum die castings was being evaluated, and the castings failed to meet the durability test requirements. Specifically, the fatigue life of the castings was low. Initial inspection of the fatigue fracture surfaces revealed large-scale porosity visible to the naked eye. New castings with reduced porosity also failed the durability tests. The fatigue fracture surfaces of additional casting fragments were very rough and contained multiple ratchet marks along the inner fillet. These observations indicated the fatigue process was heavily influenced by the presence of surface imperfections. Improving the surface finish or choosing a stronger alloy, were more likely to improve part durability than reducing the porosity.
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 18 This broken 30 mm (1.2 in.) diameter steel shaft exhibits flat, relatively smooth fracture, without shear lips and with generally horizontal beach marks, at top and bottom areas. Along with ratchet marks (four distinct ratchet marks are evident along the top edge), these features
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 18 This broken 30 mm (1.2 in.) diameter steel shaft exhibits flat, relatively smooth fracture, without shear lips and with generally horizontal beach marks, at top and bottom areas. Along with ratchet marks (four distinct ratchet marks are evident along the top edge), these features
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