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oxidation corrosion

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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 11 Several layers (both dense and porous) of waterside oxidation/corrosion make up the hot-side deposit in the vicinity of the failure. Needlelike, fibrous oxides are contained in one layer, and another layer contains several copper metal particles. Original magnification: 210×. Courtesy More
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of a generic corrosion cell showing anodic oxidation of the metal ( M ) complemented by cathodic reduction of an electron acceptor ( X ). The corrosion rate can be controlled by the rate of arrival of X at the cathodic surface, a buildup of metal ions, M More
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001834
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Abstract The failure of T12 reheater tubes that had been in service for only 3000 h was investigated. The thickness of the tubes was visibly reduced by heavy oxidation corrosion on the inner and outer walls. The original pearlite substrate completely decomposed. Uniform oxide scale observed...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... sleeve. The findings from the investigation indicated that internal oxidation corrosion, driven by high temperatures, was the primary cause of failure. Prolonged exposure to temperatures up to 760 °C resulted in sensitization of the material, making it vulnerable to grain boundary attack. This led...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001848
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... of the die was covered with fatigue cracks and many fillets had been plastically deformed. Several other types of damage were also observed, including areas of oxidation, corrosion pits, voids, abrasive wear, die adhesion, and thermal fatigue. Fatigue cracking was the primary cause of failure...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.machtools.c0045903
EISBN: 978-1-62708-223-5
... in.) from the origin along the wall of a hydraulic-oil bleed hole. Investigation with a SEM showed corrosion pits along the bleed hole wall, but oxidation and corrosion prevented review of microfractographic details. Vacuum epoxy encapsulation, sectioning of the bleed hole, and metallographic examination...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0046874
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... (0.045 in.) in diameter had initiated two cracks 0.7 and 1.5 mm (0.028 and 0.060 in.) deep. The cracks contained an iron oxide corrosion product that enclosed spheroidal carbide particles. The microstructure of the spring consisted of spheroidal carbide particles in a matrix of tempered martensite...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c9001695
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... and the fuel core of spent fuel are presented in the next four sections. Oxide Films on Aluminum Aluminum is one of the most thermodynamically reactive metals. Aluminum owes its excellent corrosion resistance in most environments to the protective barrier oxide film formed and strongly bonded to its...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0006417
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
..., presumably in an oxide form. The inside surface had the appearance of typical corrosion products. Hardness measurements indicated that the 4340 steel was heat treated to a strength of approximately 862 MPa (125 ksi). It was concluded that the oxide detected on the ballast elbow was iron oxide...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... oxidation, carburization, metal dusting, nitridation, carbonitridation, sulfidation, and chloridation. Several other potential degradation processes, namely hot corrosion, hydrogen interactions, molten salts, aging, molten sand, erosion-corrosion, and environmental cracking, are discussed under boiler tube...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.marine.c0046969
EISBN: 978-1-62708-227-3
... blades IN-713 UNS N07713 High-temperature corrosion and oxidation Aluminide-coated and uncoated IN-713 turbine blades were returned for evaluation after service in a marine environment because of severe corrosion. Based on service time, failure of these blades by corrosive deterioration...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001109
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
...: modification of the processing parameters to reduce the salt deposition and / or change of bar materials to a more resistant alloy. Castings Fluxing Fused salts Hot gas corrosion Ironmaking Pelleting Sintering furnaces HH UNS J93503 High-temperature corrosion and oxidation Background...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003555
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract High temperature corrosion may occur in numerous environments and is affected by factors such as temperature, alloy or protective coating composition, time, and gas composition. This article explains a number of potential degradation processes, namely, oxidation, carburization...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001827
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... of high-temperature oxidation on the hot corrosion process. Preventative measures are also discussed. gas turbine thermal fatigue cracking hot corrosion superalloys corrosion cavities spark optical emission spectrometry operating temperature GTD 111 (cast nickel-base superalloy) FSX 414...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0091293
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... Abstract Copper piping in a closed-loop water heater system was found to be corroded with MIC and erosion of the weak oxide layer. Investigation (visual inspection, bacterial corrosion cultures, and 20x/400x micrographs) supported the conclusion that the corrosion was caused by microbiological...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003551
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... to describe, and no single word properly fits. Corrosion involves a combination of different mechanisms, such as dissolution and invasive penetration (where diffusion, grain boundary, and stress corrosion may all be present), and oxidation-reduction reactions (where absorption, desorption, and mass transport...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c0091291
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... injected to control the scaling was added ahead of the preheater, where the boiler water still contained oxygen. As the chelate removed iron oxide, the O2 in the water continued to form more. Recommendations included moving the chelate addition to a point after the deaerator to stop the corrosion...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c9001182
EISBN: 978-1-62708-218-1
... in the scale are continued as fine cracks in the metal. Fig. 1 Longitudinal section through the fracture, unetched. Oxide rich seam in the edge zone; cleft like crack with enclosed oxide. Fracture site to the left. 200 × The corrosion phenomena (scaling) in particular were studied in the vicinity...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... electrically charged, which is clearly impossible. The corrosion of zinc in hydrochloric acid is an electrochemical process. That is, any reaction that can be divided into two or more partial reactions of oxidation and reduction due to the transfer of electrical charge is termed electrochemical. Dividing...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001061
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... and heat-affected zones (HAZs). Fracture/crack morphology was brittle and primarily intergranular and deposits at crack tips were primarily iron oxides with significant amounts of sodium compounds. On these bases, the cracking was characterized as intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC). Corrosion...