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Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001738
EISBN: 978-1-62708-220-4
... showed that the cracking could not be caused by creep. It was found that the cracking was confined to a 4-mm deep coarse-grained zone (ASTM 0-1) at the outer diameter. The cracking appeared to be caused by strain-induced intergranular oxidation. When the cracks reached the fine-grained material...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.power.c0090114
EISBN: 978-1-62708-229-7
... holes' surface was not coated. Investigation supported the conclusions that the cracking at the cooling holes was due to grain-boundary oxidation and nitridation at the cooling hole surface, embrittlement and loss of local ductility of the base alloy, temperature gradient from the airfoil surface...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.aero.c0048257
EISBN: 978-1-62708-217-4
... and it was suggested that it had resulted from surface defects. A decarburized surface layer and subsurface oxidation in the vicinity of pitting were revealed by metallographic examination of the 2% nital etched gear tooth sample. It was concluded that pitting had resulted as a combination of both the defects...
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 5 Oxidation and nitride formation along the crack sides and the crack tip. Magnification = 100 × More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 (a) Microstructure of tube that had suffered less oxidation; (b) microstructure of tube with more oxidation (external surface). Etched in 1% Nital. More
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Published: 01 December 1992
Fig. 6 Oxidation at the surface of the segment. Unetched. 620×. More
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Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 4 Photomicrograph showing intergranular oxidation, grain boundary precipitates, and matrix stringers. 63× More
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Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 2 Tube 2 failure site a (see Fig. 1 ). Note the heavy oxidation and longitudinal secondary creep cracks. 0.60× More
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Published: 01 December 1993
Fig. 3 Tube 1 failure site b (see Fig. 1 ). Note the heavy oxidation and longitudinal secondary creep cracks. 0.60× More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Severe oxidation of boiler tube to give uniform layer of crystalline magnetite More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Oxidation and cracking at cooling holes in a turbine blade. (a) Trailing edge cooling hole surface showing oxidation and nitridation attack on the surface after 32,000 h of operation. (b) Crack found on the surface of No. 5 cooling hole. Oxidation on the crack surface and hole surface More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Incinerator environment has led to accelerated oxidation of the IN-690 liner approximately 100 to 150 μm deep. Oxidation first initiates along intergranular paths. Width represents approximately 0.572 mm (0.0225 in.) More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 Oxidation and thermal fatigue cracking of a cast ductile iron rotor. See also Fig. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , and . More
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Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 2 Electron image showing bright metal (left), oxidation products (right) and the commencement of oxidation development on the surface of the metal. Right - X-ray image showing Cl concentration in the oxidation product and in spots where the metal is actively corroding. More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 4 SEM micrograph showing surface and grain boundary oxidation More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 3 Sample 1 (away from fracture/severe oxidation in the whole section of the tube). Outer wall. Microstructure: ferrite and pearlite More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 4 Sample 2 (region of fracture/not severe oxidation). Outer wall of the side which was not exposed to hot gas flux. Microstructure: ferrite and pearlite More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 9 Sample 3 (area near the fracture/severe oxidation): inner wall on the side of exposure to the hot gas flux. Microstructure: martensite, bainite, and ferrite with carbide precipitation More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 20 Photomicrograph of the cracks and oxidation on the outside surface of the dip tube More
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Published: 01 December 2019
Fig. 9 Microstructure of damaged sleeve showing severe oxidation of metal plate at the edge, 100× More