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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... in the environment; change in the alloy or heat treatment; change in design; use of galvanic protection; use of inhibitors; use of nonmetallic coatings and liners; application of metallic coatings; use of surface treatments, thermal spray, or other surface modifications; corrosion monitoring; and preventive...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006782
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... is the evolution of hydrogen gas according to Eq 4. This also applies to corrosion in other acids, such as sulfuric, phosphoric, and hydrofluoric, and water-soluble organic acids, such as formic and acetic. In each case, only the hydrogen ion is active; the other ions, such as sulfate, phosphate, and acetate, do...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003556
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... These organisms reduce sulfate to sulfide in their metabolism and are commonly found in mixed microbial communities present in soils and natural waters. In industrial systems, biodegradable materials, such as some of the hydrocarbons found in oil and gas operations ( Ref 20 ) or susceptible components of coating...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001798
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... ), 367 – 371 ( 1998 ) 10.1016/S0141-3910(98)00023-8 13. Sickfeld J. , Mielke W. , Progr. Organ. Coat. 12 , 27 – 116 ( 1984 ) 10.1016/0033-0655(84)80003-5 Selected References Selected References • Jansen J.A. , Characterization of Plastics in Failure Analysis...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001516
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... drives consists of a metal, glass, ceramic, or plastic substrate coated with a magnetic material. Data errors are classified as ‘soft’ or ‘hard’ depending on their correctability. Examination has shown that hard errors are the result of an abrasive wear process that begins with contact between head...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001066
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract A flanged 100 mm (4 in.) diam low-carbon steel spool piece lined with Teflon was removed from a sulfuric acid denitrification system after cracks were observed in the painted coating. Visual and microstructural examination along with SEM fractography revealed scaled iron oxides on all...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006788
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... microorganisms can be involved in corrosion scenarios. This is a rapidly evolving area. The introduction of new, cost-effective methods for the analysis of trace genetic material in the form of DNA and RNA molecules extracted from field samples made it possible, in principle, to identify all the organisms...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001133
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract A femoral knee implant was returned to the casting vendor for analysis after exhibiting poor bond strength between the cast substrate and a sintered porous coating. Both the coating and the substrate were manufactured from a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy. Metallographic analysis...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001767
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... Fig. 5 A micrograph of the fracture surface (gold coated) of Fig. 4 revealing multiple crack origins, a smooth morphology, and arrest marks Fig. 6 A micrograph of the exterior bracket surface adjacent to the fracture revealed a strong degree of crack formation. Fig. 7...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.petrol.c9001148
EISBN: 978-1-62708-228-0
... into service in 1953 at an average depth of 40″ (1.0m) in the ground. It was subsequently learned that corrosion protection provisions included an organic coating of Lion Oil Company E-120 followed by wrapping with a fiberglass/asbestos wrapping material. This barrier protection was supplemented with cathodic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006805
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... composites Fastener type Fastener material Surface coating Suggested application Epoxy/graphite composite Kevlar (DuPont) Fiberglass Honeycomb Blind rivets (a) 5056 aluminum None Not recommended (b) Excellent (b) Excellent (b) (c) Monel None Good (b...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001656
EISBN: 978-1-62708-219-8
... to sinusoidal load fluctuations at 6.7 Hz in air, 3% NaCl solution, and natural sea water are described. Reinforcement types studied included: hot-rolled mild steel bar, hot-rolled alloyed high strength bar, cold-worked high strength bar, galvanized bar of all these three types, nickel-clad bar and epoxy-coated...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001808
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... the bottom of the pipe, but the attack was localized corrosion not general corrosion. Furthermore, the galvanized coating was uniform in the un-corroded areas. Due to the stagnant conditions and lack of fresh water and oxygen, oxygen corrosion was rejected as the likely corrosion mechanism. MIC...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006759
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
..., corrosion and coating determinations, and many other investigations where surface chemistry is critical. In addition, the methods are used to analyze both organic and inorganic materials. Figure 8 shows a typical XPS spectrum representing binding energy and the atomic percentage change for various...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003534
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... Reference materials can include starting substrate materials (before and after cleaning processes); pure compounds and coatings used in the manufacturing of the device; dried solvents, oils, greases, and cleaning solution residues used in processing; and any material that may have come in contact...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001827
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
... on the SS of the bucket Fig. 5 ( a ) Macrograph showing the appearance of corrosion cavities, ( b ) macrograph showing the appearance and EDS analysis of local corrosion cavities in different locations: 1—oxide scale, 2—subscale sulfide particles, 3—remaining coating, not affected by corrosion...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v03.c9001843
EISBN: 978-1-62708-241-9
...Chemical analysis data from the coating on unaffected and affected regions on a suspected tin pested sample Table 1 Chemical analysis data from the coating on unaffected and affected regions on a suspected tin pested sample Element Good connector Unaffected area of affected connector...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001391
EISBN: 978-1-62708-215-0
... was a sintered thick film that was coated with a protective glass film after laser trimming and finished with an epoxy coating. Continuity through the resistive element was established by solder attachments to the assembly lead frame through edge terminations. Fig. 1 Chip detail schematic, indicating chip...
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.marine.c0091669
EISBN: 978-1-62708-227-3
.... These were in the form of hoop stresses, which are higher than those encountered in most applications of this type of coupling nut because the parts had to be liquid oxygen clean (completely free of lubricants or organic materials); therefore, the nuts had to be tightened to high torque in order to obtain...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006771
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... small area analysis, imaging Ease of use, quantification Chemical and molecular analysis, imaging Limitations Insulator analysis challenging, damaging to organics Very few Quantification difficult Major applications Semiconductors, electronics, metallurgy All industries Polymers...